Turkish reformer Ataturk Mustafa Kemal: biography, life history and political activity

The name of Ataturk Mustafa Kemal is known to many. His political achievements are still praised by his countrymen. He was the founder of the Republic of Turkey and the first president. Someone is proud of the activities of politics, someone finds cons. And we will try to disassemble the life of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk and learn about his achievements.

The beginning of the life path

In 1881, in the city of the Ottoman Empire of Thessaloniki (now Greece), the future leader of the Turks was born. It is interesting that the exact date of birth of the politician is still unknown. This is due to the fact that the two Mustafa brothers died at birth, and parents, not believing in the future of their third son, did not even remember the day of his birth.

The history of the Ataturk family lasted more than one century. The father of the great figure was like the Kujajik tribe. Success in military affairs father could not boast. Despite the fact that he was able to curry favor to the rank of a senior officer, he ended his life as a merchant in the market. Mother of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was an ordinary peasant woman. Although, according to historians, Zyubeyde-khanym and her relatives were known in their social stratum due to religious teachings.

Training a small dictator

Apparently, therefore, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, whose biography is known to many of his compatriots, went to a religious school. For his mother, this was very important, therefore, despite the obstinacy of character, the future leader tolerated strict orders and established boundaries of what was allowed.

It is not known how the fate of the boy would develop later, if not for his transfer to the economic sphere. Then the father returned from service in Europe. He was impressed by the newfangled desire of young people to study finance, and he decided that such an approach to the formation of a son would be most appropriate.

Of course, the translation for Mustafa became a great joy. But after some time Ataturk began to weigh monotonous everyday life in the school of economists. And he began spending a lot of time with his father. Naturally, the military business and what the Pope was engaged in, he was carried away. In his spare time, he began to study strategy and tactics.

But in 1888 the father of the future Turkish leader died. Then Ataturk Mustafa Kemal decided to continue his studies at the military school. Now the garrison life for the boy was necessary. He went all the way to a senior officer with inspiration and thoughts about the future. In 1899, after receiving secondary education, he entered the Istanbul Military School.

It was here that he received the second name "Kemal" from a local mathematics teacher. From Turkish it meant "impeccable" and "perfect", which, according to teachers, characterized the young leader. He graduated from the school he was in the rank of lieutenant and went to study further in the Military Academy. Upon graduation, she became a staff captain.

The First World War under the influence of Ataturk

Biography of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk is still striking in its brilliance and success. The ruler first encountered real victories and defeats in the First World War. He proved to the Entente that his training was not in vain, and that the Strait of Dardanelles would not be so easily given to the enemies. A month later, Ataturk Mustafa Kemal again repulsed the Entente forces on the Hellipolis peninsula. These achievements allowed the Turk to get close to the cherished goal even closer: he received the rank of colonel.

In August 1915, Kemal justified his title - under his command the Turks won the battle of Anafartalar, Kirechtepe and again Anafartalar. The following year Mustafa was promoted again and became Lieutenant-General. After many victories, Ataturk returned to Istanbul and after some time left for Germany, on the front line.

Despite the serious illness, Mustafa tried to return to the ranks of his army as soon as possible. Becoming commander, he conducted a brilliant defensive operation. At the end of 1918, the army was disbanded, and the future president returned to Istanbul and began to work in the Ministry of Defense.

Since that moment, many reforms have been carried out, thanks to which the salvation of the motherland has become real. Ataturk met Ankara with all the honors. The Turkish Republic did not exist yet, but the first step was already taken - Ataturk Mustafa Kemal was elected to the post of head of government.

Turkish-Armenian war with the help of the RSFSR

The war between Turks and Armenians took place in three periods. At that time Ataturk became the real leader of his country. He was helped by the Bolsheviks, both financially and militarily. Moreover, the RSFSR supported the Turks all two years (from 1920 to 1922). At the beginning of the war Kemal wrote to Lenin and asked him for military support, after which 6,000 rifles, ammunition, shells and even gold bars arrived at the disposal of the Turks.

In March 1921, an agreement was concluded on "friendship and brotherhood" in Moscow. Then, gratuitous financial aid and the supply of weapons were offered. The result of the war was the signing of a peace treaty, in which the borders of the belligerent countries were determined.

Greco-Turkish war with numerous losses

The exact date of the beginning of the war is unknown. Nevertheless, the Turks decided to consider May 15, 1919 the beginning of the confrontation with the Greeks. Then the Greeks landed in Izmir, and the Turks fired their first shots at the enemy. During the whole period of the battle, there were many key battles, which often ended in the victory of the Turks.

Just after one of them, the battle of Sakarya, the Turkish leader Mustafa Kemal Ataturk received the title of "gazi" from the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and the new honorary title of marshal.

In August 1922, Ataturk decided to make the final offensive, which was supposed to solve the outcome of the war. In fact, it happened - in terms of tactics. The Greek troops were destroyed, but when retreating there was not enough fleet for all the soldiers and only a third managed to escape from the ambush. The rest were captured.

However, not taking into account the tactics, both sides lost in this war. Both Greeks and Turks fought cruelly against civilians, and a huge number of people were left without housing.

The achievements of the great ruler

When the name of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk is mentioned, a short biography must contain the leader's achievements. Naturally, the most impressive reforms occurred after he was appointed president. Immediately, in 1923, the country moved to a new form of government - the parliament and the constitution appeared.

The new capital of Turkey was the city of Ankara. The reforms that followed after this were not built on the "cosmetic repair" of the country, but specifically on a full internal restructuring. Kemal was sure that for fundamental changes it is necessary to fundamentally turn everything in society, culture and economy.

The impetus to change was the belief in "civilization". This word sounded in every speech of the president, the global idea was to impose Western European traditions and customs on Turkish society. During his reign Kemal eliminated not only the Sultanate, but also the caliphate. At the same time, many religious schools and colleges were closed.

A magnificent mausoleum in honor of the Turkish president

Anitkabir (or Atatürk's Mausoleum) is the burial of Mustafa Kemal in Ankara. An incredible and grandiose structure is a popular tourist attraction. Construction was conceived in 1938 after the death of the Turkish president. The architects tried to create such a monument of culture that for many centuries he marked the majesty of this policy and became a manifestation of the grief of the entire Turkish people.

The mausoleum was built only in 1944, and the building was opened in 9 years. Now the area of the whole complex occupies more than 750 thousand square meters. Inside there are also a lot of sculptures that remind local people and tourists from all over the world about the greatness of the departed ruler.

The opinion of the ruler

The public opinion about the Turkish president is twofold. Of course, the people still revere it, because it's not for nothing that Ataturk is considered "the father of the Turks". Many politicians also in their time flattered about the rule of Kemal. Hitler, for example, considered himself the second disciple of Ataturk, the first was Mussolini.

Many considered the leader to be a brilliant ruler and, undoubtedly, an impeccable military commander, since Mustafa Kemal Ataturk knew about "everything more and more" about the war. Some still believed that his reforms were anti-democratic, and the desire to rebuild the country led to a rigid dictatorship.