Functional state of a person: concept, types, research. Mental and physical condition

The functional state of a person is nothing more than a whole complex of properties that indicate the level of its viability. It is the basis for characterizing the activity of the organism in certain conditions, directions, with the available reserve of forces and energy.

In addition, the functional state serves as the main criterion for characterizing a person's capabilities and behavior.

Components of the level of health

The general functional state of the human body is composed of those or other changes. They occur in all of its physiological systems, namely:

- central nervous;
- motor;
- endocrine;
- respiratory;
- cardiovascular, etc.

In addition, the functional state of a person is greatly influenced by the shifts possible during the course of mental processes, such as sensation and perception, thinking and memory, attention and imagination. Depends on your health and from subjective experiences.

Classification of human states

There are a huge number of factors that affect human behavior and health. That is why the functional state of the organism in each specific situation is unique. Nevertheless, from a huge number of special cases, the scientists identified the most basic. They are united in certain classes. This state :

- normal functioning;
- pathological;
- borderline.

To attribute a functional state to a particular class is possible only by using certain evaluation criteria, namely, reliability and price of activity. The first of them characterizes a person's ability to work with a given level of accuracy, reliability and timeliness. The indicator of the price of activity serves to characterize the functional state from the point of view of the depletion of the vital forces of the organism, which ultimately has a direct effect on the level of its health.

Based on these criteria, a distinction is made between the functional state and the permissible and unacceptable. This classification is used in studies on the possibility of doing business.

To which class is the functional state of the patient, it is decided by physicians specifically depending on one or another case. For example, the state of fatigue. It leads to a decrease in performance indicators, but it is wrong to consider it unacceptable. However, if the degree of fatigue passes the lower limits of a certain norm, then the functional state is forbidden. Such an assessment is not accidental.

Excessive stress of the person's psychological and physical resources worsens his physical condition. In the future, this kind of fatigue is a potential source of the emergence of various ailments. On this basis, the normal and pathological functional state of health is distinguished . The latter of these two classes is the subject of medical research. For example, after long experiences or stresses, diseases of the blood vessels and heart, digestive system, and also neuroses often arise.

There is one more classification of human functional states. It is built using the criteria of adequacy of responses to the requirements of labor activity. According to this classification, functional states are attributed to adequate mobilization and dynamic mismatch.

The first of these two types is characterized by the degree of tension in the capabilities of the person and the requirements that are imposed on him under specific conditions. This condition can be disturbed by increased loads, duration and excessive activity. In this case, fatigue accumulates in the body and a state is attributed to the dynamic mismatch. At the same time, the person will have to make efforts to achieve the desired result, which exceed the required ones.

Primary medical examination

When contacting a health facility, the evaluation of a patient's functional state is performed by a specialist on the basis of survey data, a survey, laboratory and other studies. Sometimes such events are conducted in relation to patients who are undergoing surgery. In this case, complex studies are carried out, revealing the level of a person's functional state.

Complaints of the patient and his anatomical data are considered, as well as the results of the clinical examination, containing information on:

- arterial pressure;
- heart rate;
- Decreased or increased body weight;
- the presence of edema, etc.

The state of the system of blood vessels and heart

Where does the study of the functional state of the body begin? With an evaluation of the work of his heart and blood vessels. And this is not surprising. The normal functional state of the cardiovascular system allows oxygen to be delivered to every cell of the human body. This makes it possible for the entire body to work as usual. In addition, the assessment of the state of blood vessels and the heart is in the first place because of the fact that they are extremely vulnerable to modern humans.

What are the main indicators of the functional state of such an important system for us? This is a pulse indicating the heart rate, as well as an analysis of its changes.

This figure for men at rest should be from 55 to 70 beats per minute, and in women - from 60 to 75. At large values, the pulse is considered to be rapid, which is a sign of tachycardia. The frequency of heart attacks below the norm indicates a disease such as bradycardia.

Also your health depends on blood pressure indicators. Its normal value is in the range of 100-129 / 60-79 mm. Gt; Art. Increased pressure indicates hypertension, and lowered - to hypotension.

It is impossible to assess the functional state of the cardiovascular system without examining the characteristics of the change in its performance after intense physical exertion. This takes into account the duration of recovery of the organism. Similar studies are conducted using a variety of functional tests.

State of the respiratory system

To ensure the vital activity of the body requires a constant process of entering into it oxygen and the withdrawal of water vapor and carbon dioxide. For this respiratory system is responsible.

Three parameters are considered to evaluate the indices of the functional state of a given system. This is the depth, frequency and type of breathing.

One of the most important indicators is BH. This is the respiratory rate, which is necessary for the normal supply of oxygen to all body systems. The values of this indicator depend on a number of reasons. This can be the temperature of the body or the environment, as well as the period before or after eating. The frequency of breathing changes from the position of the body. Its smaller values are observed in the prone position, and large - standing. In men, breathing is less by 2-4 breaths per minute than in women. On average, the normal BH value is in the range from 14 to 16.

How to determine the functional state of the respiratory system? This is possible when analyzing:

1. Ratio of heart rate and respiratory rate. At rest and during exercise, these values range from 4: 1 to 5: 1. An increase in these indicators due to heart rate will indicate a decrease in the thermodynamics of the heart. The decrease in values due to the growth of the black hole will indicate a less economical operation of the lungs.

2. Delayed breathing. For this, the Stange test is performed . If a person could hold his breath for more than 80 seconds, we can talk about the excellent state of his lungs, 70-80 - good, 65-70 - average, less than 65 - weak.

The state of the central nervous system

Assessment of the performance of all organs is performed during the examination and the results of a whole set of biochemical analyzes. However, with regard to the nervous system, specialists here face a number of difficulties connected with the limitations of instrumental research.

The physical state of a person directly depends on the performance of its central nervous system. And the strength of the nervous processes occurring in our body is quite large. This can be evidenced by the fact that our emotional sphere depends on the work of the nervous system. This is the stability of the mood and the ability to restrain, perseverance and courage, as well as many other criteria.

In order to determine the functional state of the central nervous system, it is important for a specialist to find out the characteristics of a patient's sleep. The fact is that at night rest there are two phases. This dream is slow and fast. During the night time these phases change places, repeating from 3 to 5 times. If this interruption is disturbed, a sleep disorder is diagnosed, which indicates mental and neurotic disorders in the body.

An important indicator of the functional state of the central nervous system is the coordination of movements. Specific samples are used to determine this indicator. With their help, static and dynamic coordination of the patient's movements is revealed.

Disorder of this function indicates overfatigue of the body or the presence of pathological changes that have arisen in certain areas of the nervous system.

Also to clarify the functional status of the central nervous system are used:

- EEG, or an electroencephalogram, recording the electrical activity of the brain tissue;
- REG, or rheoencephalogram, which examines the cerebral blood flow of the brain vessels;
- EMG, or electromyography, which registers the electrical activity of skeletal muscles;
- chronaximetry, which investigates the excitability of the nervous tissue, depending on the period of action of the stimulus;
- Romberg's test revealing disturbances of balance when the person is in standing position;
- Yarotsky test, which determines the threshold of sensitivity, which has a vestibular analyzer;
- finger-nasal test, for which the patient should reach with his index finger to the tip of the nose (failure can indicate neurosis, brain injury, fatigue and other violations of the functional state).

Studies of the nervous system can reveal some of its pathologies. These are neuroses or neurosis-like conditions, neurasthenia, etc.

Fatigue

The functional mental state of an organism, as a rule, examines the dynamics of a person's working capacity. In this case, one of the main indicators is the fatigue of the body, that is, its natural reaction, which occurs when the voltage builds up in the course of continuous operation.

From the point of view of physiology, the fatigue that arises in a person indicates the depletion of his internal reserves. In this case, all body systems transfer their functional activity to other regimes. For example, due to the increase in the number of cardiac contractions, the minute volume of blood flow decreases. This process, like many others, slows down the pace of work, violates the accuracy, coordination and rhythm of movements.

With increasing fatigue, the emotional sphere suffers. Changes affecting mental processes slow the functioning of the sense organs, translating them into an inertial regime. Also, with fatigue, the reaction rate decreases, which indicates an increase in the sensorimotor reaction time.

It becomes difficult for a tired person to perform complex movements. In addition, in such a state, the amount of attention is narrowed with a decrease in the functions of its distribution and switching. As a result, conscious control significantly worsens, which a person must perform for the performance of his activities.
Deterioration of the functional state of the body with fatigue leads to difficulty in extracting information contained in long-term memory. The short-term storage system is also violated.

With the growth of fatigue in humans, the motives of activity are transformed. So, in the early stages of the work process, there is a business mood. However, due to the accumulation of fatigue, the motives for avoiding activity become predominant.

Stages of efficiency

In the process of labor, the human body passes through four stages. They include the stages:

- working;
- optimum working capacity;
- fatigue;
- the final impulse.

After the completion of the last stage, a mismatch of labor activity occurs. How to restore the optimal level of efficiency? For this, it is necessary to stop activities in order to actively or passively relax.

Sometimes a person experiences cumulation, or accumulation of fatigue. This happens in cases where the usefulness or duration of periods of rest for him is not enough. In such cases, there is chronic fatigue, which is expressed in a feeling of constant fatigue, drowsiness, etc. Objective signs of this functional state at its initial stages are few. But their appearance can always indicate a change in the ratio of periods such as the stage of working, as well as optimal performance.

Tension

This is one of the indicators of the functional state of the organism of a working person. Determine the degree of tension activity can be based on the structure of the labor process. This takes into account the content of the workload, as well as its saturation and intensity.

There are two classes of states of tension. The first of them is specific. It determines the intensity and dynamics of the psychophysical processes that underlie the performance of labor skills. The second class of tension is nonspecific. It identifies the psychophysical resources of the employee.

Maintaining the normal functional state of the body

The limit of human capacity depends on it:

- health;
- age;
- food;
- the magnitude of the reserve capacity of the body;
- motivation;
- experience and professional preparedness;
- Sanitary and hygienic working conditions;
- the orientation of the individual.

In order to maintain a normal level of the functional state of the body, it is necessary to observe the conditions that prevent fatigue. To do this, it is important to correctly alternate work and rest.

However, not all the problems associated with fatigue can be solved with the help of breaks in work. An important role in this case will be the organization of the place of personnel and his work. At the same time, it is necessary to observe the following conditions:

- providing a sufficient working space;
- availability of artificial and natural lighting;
- permissible level of vibration, noise and other factors of production;
- presence of warning signs and necessary instructions;
- economy and trouble-free maintenance of working equipment, etc.

How to restore and maintain your health?

With the help of innovative technologies, Russian scientists have made an amazing discovery. The group, led by SV Koltsov, created a unique device based on the use of a scalar element of the magnetic field and longitudinal electromagnetic waves.

The invention has received the name "Corrector of a functional state" (CFS). The main purpose of using the device is to decrease the biological age of a person. Moreover, rejuvenation comes as a result of an increase in the dynamics of processes in the aquatic environment.

Influencing the body, the corrector of the functional state normalizes all vital biorhythms, regulating the work of the endocrine, cardiovascular, digestive, immune and other systems.

Therapy of CFS is carried out at the expense of information blocks and the polarization of medicinal plants and herbs, which are recorded on the magnetic media of the device. Helping to strengthen health and Massaru Emoto - images of water crystals. They are also located on magnetic media of CFS.

Koltsov's plates serve as a low-intensity generator that converts the electromagnetic radiation of the external environment into a safe one for our health. In this case, the CFS protects its owner from the negative impact of working computers, mobile phones and various household appliances.

Koltsov's plates contain figurative information in those rhythms that have outer cosmic radiation and the Earth's magnetic field. They have a beneficial effect not only on certain functions of the body, but also on all its systems. There is information on these plates that counteracts negative psychoenergetic effects. The device has passed certification and has the conclusion of sanitary-epidemiological service.

With the help of CFS you can:

1. Cure colds and viral diseases, removing symptoms such as fever and cough, aches and colds, weakness, etc.
2. Solve the problems associated with eye diseases.
3. To cure and inhibit the tumor processes, including malignant ones.
4. Get rid of gallbladder and kidney disease.
5. Eliminate osteoporosis.
6. Strengthen the body in the process of rehabilitation after the transferred operations.
7. Improve the effectiveness of massage sessions and manual therapy.
8. Treat hepatitis and cirrhosis.
9. Eliminate arrhythmia and fight with narrowing of the vessels of the brain.
10. Take preventive measures to prevent the occurrence of strokes and heart attacks.
11. Treat prostate adenoma.
12. Rid man of alcoholism.
13. Remove herpes.
14. Recover memory and cure sclerosis.
15. Get rid of varicose veins.

Also in the line of KFS Koltsov there are cosmetic devices. Their use allows you to renew and rejuvenate, and also moisturize and nourish the skin. Healing plates are recommended for daily use.