Types of culture

Culture is a multi-faceted concept, because every object or phenomenon has many sides. Therefore, the types of culture are not always easy to distinguish. For the first time this attempt was made by ancient philosophers. For example, in those days it was customary to single out the so-called "centuries of culture" - stone, iron, bronze, gold.

Modern science considers typology as something more complex. Types of culture directly depend on time, religion, traditions, the way of life of a certain group of people. For example, it is possible to distinguish ancient "pre-written" types of culture, as well as those that were formed together with the emergence of letters, education and knowledge.

Social types of culture

As is known, the society is heterogeneous and consists of several categories of the population. This makes it possible to determine the main social types of culture.

Mass culture is the kind that is used by most of society. This is the so-called culture of everyday life. By the way, for the first time such a notion appeared in history around the end of the nineteenth century, when the so-called middle class of the population began to form. To date, it is believed that it is through mass culture that not only a certain social stratum is formed, but also the way of life and the ideology of people. At one time, such famous philosophers as Nietzsche and Schopenhauer argued that the average masses can not understand the so-called higher culture.

Elite culture is a kind of alternative to the previous type. It was created only for a limited number of members of society, the so-called elite. Only higher minds are able to understand and experience this culture.

Regional types of culture

Culture directly depends on regional factors. After all, every country, every people has its own history and traditions, which had a huge impact on the formation of modern culture. Depending on the territories, it is customary to allocate:

• Eastern culture - this refers to the culture of the population of Central and South-East Asia, as well as North Africa and the Middle East. It is not a secret for anyone that power in the eastern countries has historically been despotic and, to some extent, sacred. The ruler obeyed without question, considering him a living deity. This is reflected in the development of culture.
• Western culture - the most prominent representatives are the countries of Europe and America. On these territories, the formation of the republic and self-government began to aspire several centuries ago. Such a culture is freer.

Types of organizational culture

To date, there is a mass of cultural classifications that are based on regional and historical features of the development of religion. But certain types of culture can be identified and in more limited groups of the population - for example, in organizations.

• Clan organizational culture - in this case the organization is similar to a large family in which the bosses are perceived as teachers, educators and even relatives. The staff is provided with long-term cooperation, and relations between people are based on trust, loyalty and responsibility.
• Hierarchical culture - in such an organization, very clear hierarchical relations are observed between the working personnel, which are determined by official rules, policies and procedures. This is a very conservative place, where a clear, established procedure of work is observed.
• Adhocratic culture - this form is determined by the propensity of people to risk and innovation. In such an organization, experiments are constantly being conducted, which can lead to both success and failure.

Types of corporate culture

This classification has become widespread in the West, where companies are divided according to the nature of the work.

• "Baseball Team" - such companies operate in markets that grow rapidly. Therefore, each employee must have such qualities as activity, creativity and initiative. It is important to make quick decisions and open new ways to development.
• "Club" - this culture is more typical for stable companies, where teamwork is welcomed . Such an organization allows for a slow but steady career growth.