Methodology of scientific research

The method is understood as the totality of operations and methods by which practically and theoretically one can study and master reality. Thanks to the method, a person is armed with a system of rules, principles and requirements, using which he can achieve and achieve the goal. Owning this or that method, a person can understand in what sequence and how to perform certain actions to solve a particular problem.

The study of methods for a long time is engaged in a whole field of knowledge - the methodology of scientific research. In Greek, the notion of "methodology" is translated - "the doctrine of methods." Fundamentals of modern methodology were laid down in the science of modern times. Thus, in ancient Egypt, geometry was a form of regulatory requirements, through which the sequence of procedures for measuring land allotments was determined. The study of methodology involved and scientists such as Plato, Socrates, Aristotle.

While studying the laws of human cognitive activity, the methodology of scientific research develops methods of its implementation on this basis. The most important task of the methodology is the study of various characteristics of research methods, such as origin, essence, efficiency, etc.

The methodology of scientific research consists of the following levels:

1. Concrete-scientific methodology - focuses on research methods and techniques.

2. General scientific methodology - is a teaching about the methods, principles and forms of knowledge that function in various sciences. Here we distinguish methods of empirical research (experiment, observation) and general methods (analysis, induction, synthesis, etc.).

3. Philosophical methodology - includes philosophical positions, methods, ideas, which can be used for cognition in all sciences. Speaking of our time, this level is practically not used.

The concept of scientific research, based on modern methodology, includes the following:

· Availability of the research object;

· Development of methods, revealing facts, formulating hypotheses, clarifying the reasons;

· Clear separation of the hypothesis and established facts;

· Predicting and explaining phenomena and facts.

The purpose of scientific research is the final result obtained after its conduct. And if each method is used to achieve certain goals, then the methodology as a whole is designed to solve the following tasks:

1. Identification and comprehension of moving forces, bases, prerequisites, patterns of the functioning of cognitive activity, scientific knowledge.

2. Organization of design and engineering activities, conducting its analysis and criticism.

In addition, the modern methodology of scientific knowledge pursues such goals as:

3. Study of reality and enrichment of methodological tools.

4. Finding the connection between the person's thinking and his reality.

5. Finding the connection and interrelation in the mental reality and activity, in the practice of cognition.

6. Development of a new attitude and understanding to symbolic systems of knowledge.

7. Overcoming the universality of specific scientific thinking and philosopher's naturalism.

The methodology of scientific research is not just a set of scientific methods, but a real system, the elements of which are in close interaction with each other. On the other hand, it can not be attributed a dominant position. Despite the fact that the methodology includes both the depth of imagination, and the flexibility of the mind, and the development of fantasy, as well as strength and intuition, it is only an auxiliary factor in the creative development of man.