Tvertsa River, Tver Oblast: description, photo

Flowing into the Volga in the area of the famous Russian city of Tver, its left tributary is called Tvertsa. Since the time immemorial, the Tvertsa River has served people: it was the solid part of the history of the waterway from the Volga to the legendary lake Ilmen, from there to Veliky Novgorod, and later in the 18th century, with the birth of the Vyshnevolotskaya river system, to the northern capital of the Russian Empire.

About this waterway, its interesting name and the way our publication will tell.

Origin of the name of the Tvertsa River

Scientists and historiographers still can not come to a common opinion about the emergence of this very interesting name. Thanks to whom is the so-called Tvertsa River, from what language does the name come from? There are several versions: Slavic, Polish, Finno-Ugric and even Lithuanian, according to which the Finnish tiori ("fast"), the Slavic "firmament", the Polish twierdza ("fortress") or the Lithuanian tvora ("fence") serve as the basis for this bright name, .

Probably, all the listed names are fair to some extent, since people settled at the "hot spot" formed at the mouth of the Tvertsa River from the earliest times - first the Finno-Ugric tribes, then the Slavs, and for all the river was necessary, served as a protection and support, Fed and clothed. We will not look for the true roots of this name, realizing that it is practically impossible, we will only take as a basis the circumstance that the ancient river, no matter how it was called, throughout the centuries bore life to all who settled on its shores.

Characteristic

The original sources of the river, which are today in the regions of the famous Vyshny Volochok, have long been successfully drained.

In their place, modern multi-storey city complexes have grown. In the upper reaches the river is connected by a canal with the Tsna River. The length of the river is very impressive - almost 188 km, and the area - more than 6.5 thousand square meters. Km. On the banks stretched the ancient Russian cities of Tver, Torzhok.

There are numerous tributaries of Tvertsy:

• Left - Osechenka, Tigma, Small Tigma, Logovezh, Malitsa, Kava, Shchegra;
• Right - Osuga (the largest), Sominka.

Hydrography

In the upper reaches the river valley is quite extensive. It reaches almost 180-meter wide. Lower Torzhok in the middle part of the stream tapers considerably in the floodplain, reaching 80 m. The height of the banks here is 20-25 m. And in the lower reaches the valley again expands to 300 m and connects to the terrace. The width of its channel is 30-50 m, and in the retaining zone reaches up to 80.

The Tvertsa River is famous for its abundance of plains, the depth of which varies within 1.5-4.5 m. There are also a lot of rolling - small and glittering under the bright sun, warming crystal water. From the mouth of the Volga stretches a nine-kilometer backwater.

The river bed is full of rapids. The indigenous inhabitants of these places, tourists, sportsmen and just fans of river rafting on the kayaks are familiar with their names - Los, Babiy, Prutensky, Yamskaya, etc. But travelers enjoy special places in the Osechenka area - the Tver-Bologoye railway platform. They are considered the best for the beginning of the alloy. Yes, and the distance from the stop of the train to the river is minimal - no more than a kilometer.

Tvertsa opens when the sun starts to really warm up the air - in early April. A short ice drift lasts 3-4 days, and floods can rage for a month and a half. The river rises, being tightened by ice, at the very end of November.

Feeding the river

Since Tvertsu is filled with the waters of the Vyshnevolotsky storage, formed by the rivers Tsna and Shlina, it is from the source of a deep water. These waters account for half of the incoming supply, 30-35% give groundwater, and 15-20% - rain.

Receiving the main food from the Vyshnevolotskaya system, artificially regulated by dams, the Tvertsa River (Tver Region) sometimes appreciably becomes shallow.

Features of the path

The river flows in very high banks, famous for dense forests - mixed and coniferous. More open banks in the upper reaches: here, at the sources, the channel width is about 15 m, the depth is 1 m, in some places large stones rise. Behind the village of White Whirlpool, the Tvertsa River sharply turns to the east, expanding the channel to 30 m and becoming a little deeper. In these places, rolling and many ruins from old, already destroyed dams (for example, near the village of Babier) are not rare.

For Vydropuzhsky begins a picturesque thirty-kilometer stretch of the river. The banks here are steep, steep. They are beautiful pine and spruce forests. These places are quite deserted - there are absolutely no settlements, and this affects the condition of the forest tracts. This continues to the mouth of the tributary of the Tvertsa River - the Osugi River, with the arrival of water which increases both the depth of Tvertsi (up to 1.5 m) and its width (40 m).

After the fall of the Osugi River, and then the River Shetra, the Tvertsa River gathers strength, becoming ever wider (up to 80 m in the channel) and deep (up to 2 m). However, in these places on bumps there are impressive boulders, which appeared in antiquity, brought by the glacier. The largest roll with a magnificent rocky shoal, a strong current and a minimum depth of 20 cm is located at Prutni. Here Tverts paves its way among the impressive hills of the moraine ridge, rising above the water.

The forest disappears from the banks just below the Prutni and Mitin. They remain like this up to Torzhok. Here, the riverbed becomes even wider (up to 90 m), but the depth here is not large: on the reaches it reaches up to two meters, and on the many ruts - only up to one and a half. Behind the village of Spas, where the river, turning, turns in the south-west direction, the banks are again covered with an excellent conifers. Here, among the pine pines and century-old firs, there are many attractive corners, long ago chosen by tourists and fishermen.

Below the village of Copper Forest, they practically disappear. Here the coasts acquire a completely different form - they become sloping. The riverbed abounds in many islands and shallows, the width of the river is maintained at 75 m and the depth is 1.5 m. On this stretch of the road the valley widens noticeably, and along the banks settle the villages. This section of the river flows through Tver, and then flows into the Volga.

Archaeological finds

On the banks of the Tver people have long settled, which is due to the convenient central location of the river. Today, more and more archaeological sites are constantly opening : primitive sites, settlements and mounds.

These picturesque places are still not fully explored by scientists, and who knows how many discoveries the Tverts River still harbors. Photos of the river and the surrounding areas confirm this. In addition to the magnificent archaeological heritage of Tverts for many - just a favorite place for rest and fishing. It is worth mentioning the magnificent monuments of the ancient Russian architecture: there are a lot of monasteries and churches on Tver.

Tvertsa River: fishing

The greatest interest for fishermen is represented by the upper and middle course of the river. Especially the middle one, where the Tigmensky beaver reserve is located. But lovers of catching the sticker do not even have to leave Tver: experienced city fishermen say that with the onset of warm days this fish bites on the bloodworm perfectly.