Treatment of cholecystitis and chronic cholecystitis. Causes, symptoms, diagnosis

Cholecystitis occurs as a result of irritation and inflammation of the gallbladder (an organ located near the liver and taking part in digestion). Bile is excreted from the body mainly through the small intestine, but sometimes with the exit it may have problems, due to which it accumulates in the gallbladder. This leads to pain and infection.

Function of the gallbladder in the body

What is the function of the gallbladder? This body discards a secret that dilutes the gastric juice processed by changing gastric digestion to the intestinal. Activates the peristalsis of the small intestine and the production of physiological mucus, which plays a protective role. Together with this he neutralizes cholesterol, bilirubin and some other substances, as well as stimulates the production of enzymes.

Who is at risk?

As a rule, cholecystitis proceeds in parallel with the inflammation of the ducts. The disease is quite common. Most often, treatment of cholecystitis and chronic cholecystitis is required for women. In representatives of the weaker sex, this disease occurs in 3-8 times more often than in men of the same age.

Why are women more predisposed to this disease? Most often it develops during pregnancy due to chronic squeezing of the gallbladder fruit. As a result, there is a violation of balance and stagnation of bile.

Progesterone, which during pregnancy and with menopause is produced in large quantities, along with other female hormones, affects the gallbladder. In addition, women like to sit on diets that lead to a violation of his motor skills.

At risk, regardless of age and sex, people who have previously suffered:

• Intestinal or hepatic infection;
• Parasitic disease (helminthic and protozoal invasion, localized in the intestine or liver);
• Cholelithiasis with obstruction or development of pressure ulcers on the gallbladder mucosa;
• A disease that disrupts the blood supply in the gallbladder.

These causes are due either to a violation of obstruction (patency), or a violation of the motility of the gallbladder.

Types of disease

In the course of the disease, cholecystitis of the liver can be acute or chronic. The physiology of the gallbladder is close to the liver of the liver, the functions of which are quite diverse. The main one is the constant production of bile and excretion into the duodenum. Excess bile accumulates in the gallbladder and is consumed gradually.

Disease cholecystitis can be divided according to the etiological character into 2 groups: calculous (in Latin, Calculus means "stone") and non-calculous (tubeless).

Inflammation can have a different character, depending on which cholecystitis is divided into catarrhal, purulent, mixed, gangrenous and phlegmonous. The last two types of cholecystitis are included in one group - destructive cholecystitis. The aggravation of the disease most often gives the patient a lot of unpleasant sensations. Therefore, it is important to identify the disease at an early stage and start its treatment on time. Correct treatment allows to avoid possible complications.

Causes of inflammation

Treatment of cholecystitis and chronic cholecystitis should begin with a specialist examination. But first you need to find out why this disease has arisen. Causes of the disease can be very different. However, most often it occurs as a result of the accumulation of gallstones in the gall bladder, which greatly complicates the excretion of bile from the body. Another common cause of the disease is infection or trauma. Also biliary cholecystitis can occur as a complication of severe diseases, for example, diabetes mellitus. In this case, the method of treatment of the patient is assigned individually.

As a result of these circumstances, acute cholecystitis may develop , in which inflammation of the gallbladder occurs. Chr. Cholecystitis, as a rule, develops in those cases when the inflammation does not pass for a long period and has a protracted character. This leads to the fact that the walls of the gall bladder begin to thicken.

Symptoms and Diagnosis of Cholecystitis

In the early stages, the main symptom of cholecystitis is usually a sharp pain in the right side, which the person feels just below the ribs. The pain always appears unexpectedly. The main cause of painful symptoms is a stone that blocks the flow in the bladder. This leads to irritation and inflammation.

Painful sensations pass after some time on their own or after anesthetics. However, in the future there is a gradual increase in pain, which eventually becomes systematic. The development of cholecystitis is accompanied by fever, nausea and vomiting, and the person's condition gradually worsens.

Soon the patient develops jaundice, as a result of which the skin and sclera become yellowish in color. This is due to a violation of the intake of bile in the intestine. The main prerequisite for this is the presence of stones that block the ducts in the bladder. The human pulse allows you to determine the degree of infection and development of the disease. It should be measured by every patient whose cholecystitis is diagnosed. Exacerbation of the disease can lead to complications. Therefore, if the patient has a pulse from 80 to 130 beats per minute or higher, one should be alerted. Because this is a serious sign that indicates that the body is undergoing dangerous changes.

In the chronic course of the disease, the symptoms may not be very evident, but in the future the ailment can make itself felt in a more neglected form or go into the acute one. In this case, treatment should be conducted in a medical institution - this will avoid complications.

Symptoms are found on examination, as well as on laboratory and instrumental examinations. On the basis of complaints of the patient determine the liver, GIT and other organs that the person has suffered earlier. When confirming the diagnosis, prescribe those or other drugs. Treatment of cholecystitis and chronic cholecystitis begins only after consultation with the doctor.

Most often, patients complain of severe pain in the area below the ribs, indigestion, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation or bloating. Among other symptoms, one should distinguish a lipped tongue, which is a sign of stagnation of bile in the bladder. The main sign of cholecystitis is pain, which can be determined with the help of palpation. Usually it manifests itself regardless of the position of the body.

A common symptom of this disease is nausea, which often leads to vomiting. In certain cases, these symptoms serve as a protective reaction of the body to intoxication. With cholecystitis, they are always part of the course of the disease. Feeling of nausea can be observed not only with cholecystitis, but also with appendicitis, poisoning, renal colic, ulceration, pancreatitis or ectopic pregnancy.

To pinpoint the cause of nausea and vomiting, you should pay attention to what time of day these symptoms appear, and when they occur after eating. It is important to pay attention to the duration of nausea, whether it ends with an emetic reflex. It is necessary to study the composition of the vomit (whether the food is digested or not, whether there are clots of blood and foreign impurities), whether there is a relief after vomiting.

Diarrhea, constipation and bloating are symptoms of various gastrointestinal diseases, including cholecystitis. If the disorder occurs suddenly, this indicates a complication of the disease.

Diarrhea most often occurs with dysbiosis on the background of taking antibiotics to treat cholecystitis. It can also occur with various intestinal disorders, when other digestive organs are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.

Constipation and swelling occur usually with peritonitis, acute cholecystitis. Often they occur in inactive patients who are long on bed rest.

Diagnostics

If you have these symptoms, you need to seek medical help. The doctor finds out the complaints of patients on the basis of which the medical history is compiled. Cholecystitis is diagnosed by various laboratory and instrumental methods. In general, for the definition of cholecystitis, specialists use duodenal sounding, x-rays and ultrasound. With the help of these studies, peristalsis and permeability of bile to the duodenum are established, as well as other relevant indicators of this organ.

Non-calculous cholecystitis

In 6-7 people out of 1000 there is a formless cholecystitis, most often chronic. In women, it is more common than in men. Some doctors believe that this type of disease can later develop into a calculous one. Therefore, the treatment of cholecystitis and chronic cholecystitis is important to start in a timely manner. Patients need to understand that joking with this is not worth it.

Why there is beskamenny cholecystitis? The main pathogens of this disease are: E. coli, enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Proteus or mixed flora. If the patient has dysbacteriosis, colitis or enteritis, the infection can pass from the intestine to the gallbladder, or from the hepatopancreatic zone if the patient has had chronic pancreatitis. In rare cases, the infection develops from more distant foci, in which chronic inflammation has occurred. Such diseases include: chronic tonsillitis, periodontal disease, appendicitis, pneumonia and others.

Disease, as a rule, is treated by traditional methods. The patient must prescribe a special diet. It is very important that the patient feeds on fractional and often. It is necessary to completely eliminate from the diet fatty, fried, spicy food, as well as carbonated and alcoholic beverages.

Currently, beskamenny cholecystitis is treated with such medicines as "Amoxicillin", "Cefazolin", "Erythromycin" and some others. To normalize the digestive process, the reception of these drugs is usually combined with enzyme preparations, for example, with Festal, Mezim forte, and Pancreatin. To stimulate the secretion of bile, the patient is prescribed choleretics ("Holenzyme", "Allochol" and others). To reduce the gallbladder, magnesium sulfate or sorbitol is prescribed.

Chronic form of the disease

Chr. Cholecystitis characterizes the presence of stones in the gallbladder, a mild inflammatory process and a periodic manifestation of the symptoms of the disease. The disease can occur almost asymptomatically or reminisce about itself with hepatic colic. If the disease occurs in a latent form, the patient may experience a feeling of heaviness on the right side in the hypochondrium. Along with this he is tormented by flatulence, diarrhea, heartburn, belching. These symptoms are accompanied by bitterness in the mouth. When overeating or after eating fatty foods, these unpleasant sensations become aggravated.

Sudden hepatic colic usually occurs with diseases such as cholecystitis, pancreatitis, which should be treated under the supervision of a doctor. As a rule, colic is preceded by non-compliance with diet, heavy physical exertion or some kind of emotional overstrain. The attack provokes contractions of the gallbladder and its ducts, which arise as a result of irritation of the mucous membrane with stones. In this case, a person experiences acute stabbing pain localized in the right hypochondrium, flowing into the neck, right shoulder and shoulder blade. The duration of the attack varies from a few minutes to 2 days.

Colic is accompanied by high fever and vomiting, which does not bring relief. The patient feels arousal, his pulse becomes arrhythmic. The disease affects the blood pressure slightly. Patients at the age often begin reflex angina.

The tongue becomes very wet during the attack, often a plaque appears on it. Along with this, the patient may have bloating and pain in the hypochondrium from the right side. It is noteworthy that in this case the blood test does not show any disorders, and the gallbladder and liver do not increase, signs of irritation are also absent. Attacks of colic cease as suddenly as they begin, while the patient feels some relief and weakness.

Prophylaxis of cholecystitis

How to warn yourself against the development of this disease? To do this, you must try to maintain optimal body weight and level of physical activity, because of a sedentary lifestyle, stagnation of bile and the formation of stones in the bladder. The patient is recommended to adhere to a special diet. From drinks it is allowed to drink compotes and loosely brewed tea. The list of allowed dishes and products includes: wheat bread, low-fat cottage cheese, vegetable soups, beef (low-fat), chicken meat, crumbly porridges and non-acidic vegetables and fruits.

It is forbidden to eat: fresh pastry, lard, spinach, sorrel, fried meat, fatty fish and meat, mustard, pepper, coffee, ice cream, alcoholic beverages, semi-finished products.

With the goal of prophylaxis, specialists prescribe to patients ursodechischolic acid, which prevents the appearance of stones with a sharp weight loss (from 2 kg per week).

With the existing disease preventive measures are aimed at preventing the occurrence of relapses of inflammation and related complications. It should be noted that they can appear even after treatment. In such a situation, the patient needs surgery. Cholecystitis can not be ignored, with the first signs of the disease should be screened.

Recipes of traditional medicine in the treatment of cholecystitis

Treatment of cholecystitis, based on the use of various herbs and infusions, must always be agreed with the attending physician. This is necessary in order to avoid a possible deterioration in health and well-being. Among the well-known folk remedies, the medicinal collections of herbs on the basis of the immortelle, which have choleretic effect, show good results.

Before the beginning of treatment it is important to determine the exact type of the disease, since the administration of any choleretic preparation is not allowed for calculous cholecystitis. Folk treatment of cholecystitis can be used only if the patient suffers from calculous cholecystitis. In the presence of a calculous form of the disease, it is possible to stimulate the output of bile with the help of herbs and medicines solely for the individual doctor's prescription.

The patient can drink herbal infusions, which improve intestinal motility and circulation. Very useful in this case are various soothing infusions and teas on herbs, as well as fresh carrot and pumpkin juices.

Many treat non-calculous cholecystitis with the help of homeopathy, which in some cases improves general health. Reception of those or other homeopathic preparations can appoint only the attending physician.

• With cholecystitis, it is very useful to drink raspberry juice. It should be taken 50 ml 3 times a day for 30 minutes before meals.
• Treat such diseases as chronic cholecystitis, pancreatitis, can be a decoction of St. John's wort. It has not only a choleretic effect, but also anti-inflammatory. To make it, you need 1 tablespoon of St. John's wort and 1 glass of hot water. The broth is boiled for 15 minutes and filtered. Take 50 ml three times a day.
• Decoction of birch leaves is also quite effective in combating the disease. For him, take 1 tablespoon of leaves and pour them 200 ml of boiling water. The broth should be boiled for 30 minutes, after which it must be cooled to room temperature. During cooking, the amount of broth will decrease, so it must be added with water to the volume of one glass. Drink the broth 3 times a day for 50 ml before eating. This recipe is used to treat giardiasis cholecystitis.
• You can make another decoction of St. John's wort, but with the addition of immortelle and corn stigmas. All the ingredients are mixed in equal amounts to make 1 tablespoon of herbal collection. Then this mixture is poured into 200 ml of boiling water and cooked for 30 minutes. After that, the broth should be cooled to room temperature and diluted slightly with boiled water. Take this medication by 1/3 cup half an hour before meals three times a day.
• To treat noncalculous cholecystitis helps decoction of chamomile. For him, you need 15 grams of chamomile per 1 cup of boiling water. The broth should be drunk in a warm form. You can also use it for enemas, which should be done no more than 2-3 times a week.

It is important to remember that everything in the human body matters, each organ is important in its own way and affects the duration and usefulness of life. Folk methods are part of maintenance therapy. Since folk recipes are not able to replace antibacterial and other drugs, the patient must comply with all the doctor's instructions and do not neglect the use of medications. To treat cholecystitis with herbs alone is not recommended. It is important to monitor your health and not ignore the symptoms of cholecystitis, even if they are minor.