Trans-Siberian Railway: development prospects, importance. Ways to increase the efficiency of work

The Trans-Siberian Railway, laid in the last century, passes through our whole country and connects its European part with Siberia and the Far East. This well-equipped railway line has been the main railway branch of Russia for a quarter of a century already.

Start of construction

The decision to lay the Siberian railway on the treasury was made by the tsarist government back in the eighties of the XIX century. In 1887, three expeditions were organized to find places for laying the route for the South Ussuri, West Baikal and Central Siberian highways. The beginning of the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway falls on the 90s of the century before last. The decision to build the Great Siberian Way was made in the winter of 1891. Construction began on two sides - from Vladivostok to Chelyabinsk.

Basic stages of laying

The Trans-Siberian Railway was built , the development prospects of which are now wide, in several stages:

1. 1893 - laying the road from Ob to Irkutsk.

2. 1894 - the construction of the Northern Ussuri road began.

3. 1897 - the beginning of laying KVZHD.

4. 1898 - a section was taken from the Ob to Krasnoyarsk.

5. 1900 - it was decided to build the Circum-Baikal railway.

6. 1906 - investigations were carried out for laying the Amur Railway.

7. 1911 - laying of the Kerk-r. Storm with a branch to Blagoveshchensk.

8. 1916 - commissioning of the bridge across the Amur River.

The great length of the Trans-Siberian Railway already in those years allowed it to become the main transport artery of the country. But during the Civil War the state of the new road, unfortunately, has significantly worsened. Many bridges were destroyed and burned. Also, wagons and locomotives were periodically destroyed. Immediately after the end of the war, however, large-scale reconstruction work began. During the winter of 1924-1925, for example, the Amur bridge was rebuilt. The traffic along the highway began in 1925 and continues uninterruptedly to this day.

The Trans-Siberian Railway in our time

The history of the Trans-Siberian Railway is full of various achievements. During the years of Soviet power, the road was actively developed and was considered the All-Russian construction. To date, the Trans-Siberian Railway is one of the most powerful land railways in the world. In Russia, it transports more than 50% of all transit and export cargo. It is a Transsib electrified double-track line, fully equipped with modern communication and information facilities. The technical equipment of the highway allows transportation of more than 100 million tons of cargo per year with a maximum permissible speed of 90 km / h.

The advantages of the line include, among other things, the absence of the need to cross any state borders. Unfortunately, the capacity of the road has recently begun to decline. And this shows the need for its modernization.

Characteristics of the Trans-Siberian Railway: length of tracks, throughput

The total length of the Transsib routes is about 10 thousand km. At the moment this is the longest highway in the world. In all its length 87 cities are located, 14 of which are regional centers.

80% of industrial enterprises of the state and basic natural resources are concentrated in the regions served by expensive. About 30 routes of freight trains of international and domestic communication have been laid through Tranassib. On the passenger high-speed train, the journey along this road, which is a continuation of the European railway network, is 6 days from Moscow to Vladivostok.

The Trans-Siberian Railway passes, the development prospects of which are closely related to the overall growth of the country's economic potential, over the territory of two continents: Europe (19.1% of the way) and Asia (80.9%). Throughout its length, there are 1,852 stations.

The natural conditions of the Trans-Siberian Railway and related problems

The roads of this road are laid across all climatic zones: the steppes, the desert of the forest-steppe, the taiga. In the northern regions, the main line partially passes in the permafrost zone (for example, near Lake Baikal). Problems in connection with this railroaders have to solve the following:

• The danger of stones falling from slopes and earthquakes in mountain areas;

• The need for constant care of the paths for temperature changes in zones with sharply continental climate;

• The need to maintain a large number of bridges;

• Constant balancing of tracks in the permafrost zone;

• Readiness to eliminate the consequences of spring floods.

Thus, the natural conditions of the Trans-Siberian Railway can be considered very complex. To overcome the consequences of various unfavorable factors of the external environment, RZD has to spend quite a lot of money.

Development prospects

By now, most of the cargo from the east of the country to the west is transported by sea. Water transport companies feel themselves monopolists, and therefore, often unreasonably, overestimate the prices for their services. As a result, by many shippers the Trans-Siberian Railway is seen as a good alternative to sea transportation.

In this regard, the government of the Russian Federation, together with the leadership of RZD, has developed a whole range of measures aimed at increasing the transit potential of such a significant route as the Trans-Siberian Railway. Prospects for its development are determined primarily by the adopted concept of the development of railways in Russia until 2030. Only until 2015, about 50 million rubles were spent on the modernization of the road. Until 2030 on the Trans-Siberian Railway it is planned to create the best conditions for the movement of special container and passenger trains. In addition, the Coordinating Council of RZD has developed a concept for transportation on the road to the period until 2020, which provides for:

• Development of competitive tariffs;

• Further improvement of the organization of transportation;

• Improving the quality of service;

• Development of technologies that provide information to customers about the location and condition of goods in real time;

• Increased productivity of ports in the west and east of the country;

• Creation of modern logistics complexes, etc.

Development in 2016

The general characteristics of the Trans-Siberian Railway make it possible to judge it as the most promising railway in our country today. As of the beginning of 2016, a set of measures has already been implemented to electrify mainline lines, reconstruct bridges, tunnels and large stations. Particular attention is paid to the development of the Primorje-1 and Primorje-2 corridors, as well as the organization of direct communication between Korea and the Russian Federation.

Ways to increase the efficiency of work

The long length of the Trans-Siberian Railway, unfortunately, does not mean its good throughput. The crisis had a negative impact on all sectors of the country's economy, including railroads, without exception. Therefore, in terms of organizational issues, the emphasis at the moment is precisely on increasing the capacity of the highway. At the same time, the following activities are carried out:

• On the elimination of the problem of untimely cleaning of private wagons from public roads;

• Involvement of private investments in the development of the highway infrastructure;

• Effective combination of each mode of transport involved in transportation.

Thus, the main railway, which is in high demand in the global market, is the Trans-Siberian Railway. Prospects for its development as the main alternative to maritime transport are currently extremely wide. At the same time, priority tasks are to reduce the time for moving goods and improve the quality of services for passengers and shippers.