Training is ... Training: concept, methods and methods

Training is a procedure in the process of which the transfer of knowledge information from the teacher to the student. This process is aimed at the formation of a set of certain knowledge and skills among students and students. Typically, the learning process takes place in several stages. At the initial stage, theoretical knowledge is given, then it is possible to practice them, and the final part is the control of knowledge and skills.

What are training methods ?

This term in pedagogical science is understood as the transfer of knowledge from the teacher to the students in the process of their interaction, in which the assimilation of these data takes place. Basic teaching methods are divided into three categories: visual, practical and verbal. Verbal is learning, the main instrument of which is the word. The teacher's task is to transfer information using words. This method of teaching is leading and includes the following subtypes: a story, a lecture, a conversation, a discussion, and also work with a textbook.

The process of mastering knowledge can also occur during the performance of exercises, laboratory work, modeling of the situations studied. This training takes place through practical methods. A visual method involves the use of manuals and improvised materials, which reflect the essence of the phenomenon being studied. Visual methods are divided into two broad categories: illustrations and demonstrations.

Heuristic learning systems

The heuristic method is also becoming increasingly popular. At the same time the teacher raises a certain question, and the students look for an answer. Using the heuristic method, the student does not receive a ready answer to the question, but learns to look for it independently. This method includes research, contests and compositions.

Problem method

Problem training is the method by which students resolve their problem situations. The problem activates the thought process, and the student begins to actively seek a solution. This method allows you to learn how to use non-standard ways to solve problems, to show intellectual, personal and social activity.

Research method

As in the case of the problem method, students are not given a ready answer or a solution to the problem. Knowledge is obtained by the students themselves. The teacher not only formulates the hypothesis in advance. Students draw up a plan for its verification, and draw conclusions. This training provides a thorough and profound knowledge. The educational process is characterized by intensity, using the research method, and also helps students to find interest in the subject. This method can not be used constantly because of the large time costs, so usually teachers alternate it with other training systems.

The most difficult skills for a student

Instead, it is worth asking questions as often as possible: "How?", "Why?", "How do you think?", "How would you explain this?". The most difficult skills for a child are reading and writing. A letter is the highest psychic function of a person. And the maturation of this function is always gradual. Therefore, no one can guarantee that it will be completed by the beginning of the first grade.

Is early learning harmful?

Some researchers believe that early learning can seriously affect the development of the child in the future. Those children who have been literacy and writing since the age of 4-5 years, since adolescence, have shown much lower results. They did not show activity in games, they were not spontaneous. Psychologists believe that the desire for success at an early age can serve to develop a propensity for competition and antisocial behavior. During a spontaneous game, on the contrary, children acquire the skills of communication, cooperation, conflict resolution. The child needs not only literacy and arithmetic, but also the ability to build relationships in the team. In the future it helps emotional development, which is also important.

Preparation at school is the guarantee of the result?

Often a child attends school preparation, teachers praise him. But then for some reason the training program begins to be given to him all harder and harder. However, even a visit to the preparation does not always guarantee that the child will successfully master the current program. After all, he can only use the material that he "memorized", subsequently mechanically using the knowledge gained.

In this case, the child's brain does not get the opportunity to master the main skills: the ability to listen and analyze information, compare objects, choose, reason. Therefore, even if the first-grader attended preparatory classes, the beginning of schooling should continue to assist the child in mastering these skills. To teach children in the first grade was successful, it is necessary to refrain from communicating ready-made knowledge to them.

How do you know if the child is ready for school?

The beginning of schooling is an important event not only for children, but also for parents. After all, they also have to invest a lot of energy: to buy stationery, clothing, backpack, flowers for the teacher, come to the school line. However, the most important thing they have to do is to make sure that the children are ready to learn. According to psychologists, there are several criteria for assessing a child's readiness for school.

• Level of intellectual development. The child's readiness for this criterion is determined by the quality of his thinking, memory, and attention.
• Motivation. To find out if the child is ready for school on this indicator, you can simply ask if the child wants to go to school. It is also necessary to find out whether the kid can keep up the conversation, follow the order of the queue if necessary.
• Criterion of physical readiness. A healthy child is much easier to adapt to the conditions of school education. Parents need not just have a doctor's manual on their hands, but also be confident that the baby is ready for school. It is necessary to check the hearing, sight, appearance (whether the child looks healthy and rested), as well as motor skills.