Hypertrophy of the muscles of man: causes

Throughout his life, a person experiences various physical activities. It can be both professional strength exercises, and simply accompanying loads that occur in different life situations.

With physical exertion, the muscles that are involved in the work process increase. This is due to the increase in the fibers that make up the muscle. The muscle fiber can be the entire length of the muscle, or maybe shorter. The muscular fiber consists of a large number of contractile elements - myofibrils. Inside each element are even smaller elements - the myofiases of actin and myosin. And at the expense of these elements and there is a muscle contraction.

With regular lifting of weights, muscle fibers increase, this will be hypertrophy of the muscles.

Hypertrophy of muscles - an increase in muscle mass due to the "growth" of muscle fibers.

Most often, muscle hypertrophy is present in athletes engaged in bodybuilding. Since this sport is aimed at improving your body with the help of power loads, high-calorie nutrition and the intake of various anabolic drugs. As a result, a pronounced muscle relief is formed on the body, that is, muscle hypertrophy occurs.

The processes occurring in the muscles during exercise

The basis of the structure of the human body is protein, it is present in all its tissues. Therefore, changes in muscle tissue depend on the synthesis and catabolism of protein in the tissue.

With constant physical exertion, skeletal muscle hypertrophy occurs. When the body experiences stress, the content of contractile proteins increases in the corresponding muscles. However, as scientifically established, during physical effects on the body protein synthesis is suspended, and catabolism is activated in the first minutes of the recovery process. Thus, muscle hypertrophy occurs due to the activation of protein synthesis, and not by reducing the intensity of protein breakdown at a constant level of protein synthesis intensity.

Hypertrophy of skeletal muscles

The human muscular tissue performs motor functions, it also forms skeletal muscles. The main task that skeletal muscles perform is contractility, which is due to changes in muscle length when nerve impulses are applied to it. Using his muscles, a person can "move." Each muscle performs its "own" specific action, it can work only in one particular direction when acting on the joint. To ensure the movement of the joint around its axis involved a pair of muscles present on both sides in relation to the joint.

The strength of the muscle determines the number and thickness of the fibers that are present in the muscle. They make up the anatomical diameter of the muscle (the area of the transverse section of the muscle made perpendicular to its length).

There is also such an indicator as the physiological diameter (the cross section of the muscle, perpendicular to its fibers).

The magnitude of the physiological diameter affects the strength of the muscle. The larger the physiological diameter, the greater the strength will be inherent in the muscle.

During physical exertion, the diameter of the muscle increases, this is called working hypertrophy of the muscles.

Working hypertrophy of muscles is present when there is an increase in the volume of muscle fibers. With a strong thickening of the fibers, splitting can occur on several new fibers with a common tendon. Working hypertrophy occurs in healthy people with increased function of the tissue or organ of a person. For example, it is hypertrophy of human skeletal muscles.

Causes of muscle hypertrophy

Hypertrophy of the muscles, in most cases, causes regular physical activity. However, the amount of calories consumed influences the increase in the volume of muscle mass. If calories are not enough, a large amount of muscle will not be achieved.

Accompany the achievement of the necessary muscle volume, that is, there is hypertrophy of the muscles, the reasons, based on such principles:

1. You need a constant load on all types of muscles, the amount of which you want to increase.
2. The load time is selected individually. Do not stick to the standards. It is necessary to do as much as the body allows, but not until exhaustion.
3. Do not induce depletion of the nervous system, work is concentrated, calm and reasonable.
4. In the initial stages of training, pain in the muscles may appear, but this should not be a pretext for suspending the exercise.

There should also be a full and balanced diet, abundant drink to maintain the body's water balance.

Increased masticatory muscles

Due to "excess" movements of the jaw, hypertrophy of the masticatory muscles may appear. The lower jaw of a person is pressed against the upper due to chewing muscles. They consist of two parts and are on both sides of the jaw. The muscle begins at the lower edge of the zygomatic arch and ends at the outer surface of the lower branch.

Hypertrophy of the chewing muscles causes a disturbance in the visual harmonious combination of the upper and lower parts of the face, and also causes pain in the chewing muscles. The face becomes "square" or expanded to the bottom. Hypertrophy of muscles occurs due to an increase in the load on them.

Hypertrophy of chewing muscles can provoke:

• Bruxism - gnashing his teeth;
• Constantly compressed jaws, up to the erasure of teeth;
• Pain in the chewing muscles.

Correction of masticatory muscles

With hypertrophy of chewing muscles, a disproportion in the face appears in a person. There may also be a permanent pain syndrome in the jaw region. To correct this imbalance, a person should consult a specialist to receive medication. In order for muscle hypertrophy to pass, treatment must begin on time.

When treating in the chewing muscle, in three to four places, a special drug is introduced, which relaxes the muscle and causes local muscle relaxation. A few days later, the effect is visible, which will last about six months.

Hypertrophy of the heart muscle

There are cases when there is a pathological increase in the heart, mainly due to the increase in the thickness of the heart muscle - the myocardium.

More common is the hypertrophy of the left heart than the right.

Hypertrophy of the heart can occur when:

• Congenital or acquired heart defects;
• Hypertensive disease;
• Intensive physical exertion;
• Metabolic disorders, including obesity;
• Sharp loads, when a sedentary lifestyle is conducted.

Symptoms of cardiac muscle hypertrophy

Minor hypertrophy of the cardiac muscle does not cause any changes in the person's well-being and may go unnoticed. The more the stage of the disease, the more pronounced the symptoms of the disease. One of the best options for diagnosing the disease is ultrasound examination of the heart.

Presuming the presence of this disease can be due to the presence of such symptoms:

• Breathing is difficult;
• Pain in the chest;
• fast fatiguability;
• An unstable heart rhythm.

To provoke a hypertrophy of a ventricle the raised or increased pressure can. The heart starts to work faster, the blood in the heart begins to press more strongly on the walls, thereby expanding and increasing the heart and reducing the elasticity of the walls. This leads to the impossibility of the heart to work in the previous regime.

Treatment of cardiac hypertrophy

At the initial stage, cardiac hypertrophy is medicated. Diagnosis is carried out to identify the cause that triggered the development of hypertrophy, and its elimination begins. If, for example, the disease has developed because of a sedentary lifestyle and excess weight, then a person is assigned small physical activities and adjusted his diet. Products are introduced in accordance with the principles of healthy eating.

If the ventricular hypertrophy has reached a large size, surgical intervention is performed and the hypertrophic area is removed.

Amyotrophy

Hypertrophy and muscle atrophy are contrary concepts. If hypertrophy means an increase in muscle mass, then atrophy is its decrease. Fibers that make up the muscle, do not receive a long time load, become thinner, their number decreases and in severe cases can disappear altogether.

Atrophy of muscles can cause different negative processes in the human body, both hereditary and acquired. It can be, for example:

• metabolic disease;
• The consequence of endocrine diseases;
• Complication after an infectious disease;
• Intoxication of the body;
• Insufficiency of enzymes;
• Prolonged postoperative rest of the muscles.

Treatment of muscle atrophy

The effectiveness of treatment depends on the stage of the disease. If the changes in the muscles are significant, it will not be possible to completely restore them. The cause that caused muscle atrophy is diagnosed and appropriate medication is prescribed. In addition to drug treatment, it is recommended that:

• physiotherapy;
• physiotherapy;
• Electrotherapy.

To maintain the muscles in tonus, a massage is prescribed, which should be done regularly.

The treatment is aimed at stopping the destructive actions in the muscles, removing symptoms and improving metabolic processes in the body.

Necessarily presence of a high-grade food with the maintenance of all necessary vitamin elements.

Conclusion

Thus, we can conclude that to obtain hypertrophy of skeletal muscles, it is necessary to exert considerable physical effort. If this is done to achieve a beautiful body with a pronounced muscle mass, then a person will need regular exercise. At the same time, his diet should be built on the principles of proper nutrition.

However, there is a possibility of obtaining unwanted hypertrophy of the muscles, which is a threat to human health, such as hypertrophy of the heart muscle and chewing muscles. In most cases, the appearance of these diseases is associated with abnormalities and disabilities of the human body. Therefore, timely diagnosis and control of your health to prevent the emergence and development of the disease.

A healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition will help a person stay in good shape and avoid possible health problems.