Topography of the skull and its anatomy

If you carefully examine the human skull, you can identify the main components of it. It is also worth noting that this part of the skeleton includes mixed flat and pneumatic bones. Each of the components has an interesting complicated structure that requires special attention.

General anatomy of the skeleton of the head

Topography of the skull allows you to assess the fullness of its functions: it is the support for the initial elements of the respiratory tract (nasal cavity and mouth), the digestive tract. Moreover, this part of the skeleton plays the role of a receptacle for the sensory organs and the brain.

The skull can be divided into two main departments: facial and cerebral. The border between them is on the upper edge of the orbit: it follows along it and passes through the frontal-zygomatic suture. As a result, the separation line reaches the apex of the mastoid process and the opening of the auditory canal.

The best way to thoroughly study the structure of the human head is the topography of the skull. The anatomy of this part of the body in this case becomes much clearer. After all, when studying the bones separately, as a rule, various important structures (holes and channels) that lie on the joints are left aside.

Brain department

In fact, the cavity of the cerebral cranium is an extension of the vertebral canal. This part of the skeleton consists of four unpaired bones (occipital, wedge-shaped, frontal and latticed), as well as two paired (temporal and parietal) bones.

If you pay attention to the brain department, you can see that it has an ovoid shape and is divided into a base and a roof (roof). The role of the boundary between them is played by a plane that can be drawn from the outer elevation of the occipital bone to the superciliary arches.

Structure of the arch and foundation

The roof consists of the occipital, temporal, parietal bones and scales of the frontal. The topography of the cerebral skull allows you to see that all these components have a special structure - two plates. One of them is facing the inside of the head, the other is external.

The lowest part of the skull, called the base, also has an external and internal surface. There are back, front and middle cranial fossa. They are located in the area of the inner surface of the base. In the case of the external part, the topography of the skull base allows one to see on it the condyles and processes of the bones, apertures, and also the choana.

As you can see, the structure of these departments is rather complicated.

Basic bones of the cerebral skull

Studying the key components of this part of the skeleton of the head, you can not ignore the dorsal surface. It is here that the occipital bone is located. Outside, it has a convex shape, the inside part is concave. This bone is bounded by a large occipital orifice connecting the vertebral canal with the cavity.

Topography of the brain area of the skull will help to find the temporal bone, which is a pair and at the same time the most difficult. It is in it is the organ of balance and hearing. This area of the skeleton of the head can be divided into three parts: stony, drum and scaly.

Several important channels pass through the temporal bone: the musculoskeletal, the drowsy, the facial, the mastoid canaliculus, etc. For this reason, injuries in this area are very dangerous.

Also, the topography of the skull allows you to see the wedge bone in the brain. It consists of three paired processes and a body. A is located between the frontal (front) and occipital bone (behind). The medial plate, which is part of the pterygoid processes, forms the nasal cavity.

In the brain part of the skeleton of the head there is also a frontal, parietal and latticed bone.

Topography of the facial skull

If you pay attention to this part of the skeleton of the head, you can see quite a complicated structure. It starts with the upper jaw, which is a pair and consists of four processes (palatine, frontal, malar, alveolar) and the body. In the body itself, the nasal, ophthalmic, transverse and anterior surfaces are distinguished.

It is worth noting that the upper jaw participates in the formation of the nasal cavity, pterygo-palatine and inframammary pits, as well as the mouth and orbitals.

The topography of the skull makes it possible to determine the cheekbone. It is also a steam room and performs the function of strengthening the facial part. This component of the skeleton of the head is connected with the frontal, temporal bones and upper jaw.

The palatine bone also plays an important role. It can be found behind the upper jaw. The boundaries of this skull element extend beyond the anterior part of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone. The palate region consists of a perpendicular and horizontal plates.

The lower jaw, in turn, is an unpaired bone and the only movable element of the skeleton of the head. It has two branches and a body. Together with the temporal bone forms the temporomandibular joint. The body itself has a curved shape and consists of an outer convex and inner concave surface.

Also in the front part of the skeleton of the head there is a nasal, lacrimal, hyoid bone, a vomer and condylar process.

Thus, the topography of the skull allows us to conclude that this part of the human body is one of the most complex and performs basic and protective functions, and also plays an important role in the respiratory and digestive systems.