Tips, where and how to look for mushrooms. Where to look for mushrooms in the suburbs

Most of the townspeople gradually lose their orientation skills in the forest, as well as the delineation of edible and inedible forest gifts. The same applies to mushrooms, because it seems that they are much easier to buy in the store. But you also need to take into account the pleasure that can be obtained in the process of hunting for them. So, for example, how to search for a white fungus?

About mushrooms

Most associate these organisms exclusively with their fruits - that which can be seen, for example, in stores. But from the course of biology, many remember that everything is not so simple. The first feature is that fungi do not belong to plants. And they are really very different from them. Second: the fungus is not only what is seen on the surface. It's only his body, a small part. And the main lies under the ground - this is a mycelium. Few people do not notice that the mushrooms grow as if in groups - after finding one, you can find a few more nearby. And all because in the soil is the same mycelium, which is not rooted in the ordinary sense of the word, but has a number of similar functions. It can stretch to a fairly large space and comes to the surface in the form of fungi.

Properties and nutritional value

They are called forest meat, and this name is not accidental. They are almost entirely composed of water, in second place in the content - proteins, about the same amount of carbohydrates and very few fats. When dried, the amount of proteins per 100 grams increases to about 30%, but it can not be used as a substitute for meat. The fact is that most of the protein is not absorbed by the human body because of a special substance - chitin, which enters the cell membrane of the fungi.

But you can not ignore the fact that they contain a huge amount of useful microelements and vitamins. Some of them even can serve as a medicine against some diseases - the study of these properties is carried out in a separate direction called fungotherapy. But besides, we must not forget that this is quite heavy food, which is digested for a long time.

Quiet hunting

Mushroom pickers are often called hunters, and this, in general, is fair. Their task is actually to track down their prey, since luck rarely smiles at those who go at random. And these people have secrets, how to look for mushrooms, where to do it, at what time. Of course, they also distinguish edible mushrooms from poisonous and have a number of special skills and knowledge. So, what are the main rules that you need to know in order to "quiet hunting" was successful?

Where and how to look for mushrooms?

There are places in the forest where the hunter will most likely meet his prey. The main weapon here is knowledge. Some species prefer sunny edges and clearings, while others prefer shady lowlands. But there are some universal rules that help both beginners and more experienced hunters for mushrooms.

Firstly, it is necessary to go out into the forest early in the morning, when there is still no oblique sunlight and the dew has not dried out. It is moisture after a cool night will help to notice the shiny wet hats in the grass.

Secondly, it is necessary to remember the principle of growth of mushrooms - if there was one, then there will be several more. So you need to look around carefully.

Thirdly, it is better to organize the first trips with more experienced guides. This will allow you to gain orientation skills in the forest, and also to understand how to properly search for mushrooms.

Fourth, a special stick will be a good assistant about a meter in length with a slingshot on the end. It is very convenient for her to spread the grass in front of herself and on the sides, so as not to miss a single poderezovik or mushroom.

And yet every fan of "quiet hunting" has its secrets, how to find a white mushroom, where to look for mushrooms. Going to the forest for specific species, you need to know not only when to collect them best, but also their favorite places.

Mushroom season in the suburbs

Traditionally, it is believed that it is necessary to harvest forest meat in the fall, but this does not mean that lovers of "quiet hunting" in October put their baskets for almost a year. In fact, the first mushrooms may appear in March, although at that time there are very few of them, it is better to postpone the beginning of the season until April-May (depending on the rate of melting snow and rising average daily temperature). In the Moscow region at this time collect morels and lines, which look rather strange, but they have excellent taste qualities.

In late May and early June, birch and many other summer mushrooms begin to appear, and in July all the main species start to bear fruit, although this time is considered not too fruitful. This active season opens in August, when the forests hide really untold riches! This golden time lasts until about the middle of September and gives an opportunity not to figure out how to look for mushrooms in the forest, because they literally everywhere and practically beg themselves in the basket. The experienced know that over the summer there are several "waves" of growth or "layers". The first of these accounts for the second half of July, and the rest for a short time before the beginning of this autumn. This is exactly the moment when a newcomer is best to try his hand at it.

At the end of October, the main season closes, although individual lovers can stretch it for a few more weeks. And yet, where to look for mushrooms, so as not to go at random? Each type needs its own approach.

The king of the forests is, of course, the boletus. Usually he lives under a pine, oak, spruce or birch. Do not notice it can be even difficult, because it's a white fungus. Where to search for chanterelles, probably know everything - mostly in deciduous forests, although they are found in conifers. To search for snowflakes, you can apply a simple method - looking up, find a dry oak without leaves, and look for this view near it, because they are parasites that cause disease and the death of trees. How to look for mushrooms with "talking" names, a podber and podsinovik probably should not even be mentioned. In fact, the ability to find suitable places comes with experience, the main thing is not to lose enthusiasm.

For a start, you can go in the directions considered to be the most "productive". In the Moscow suburbs, mushroom pickers often go out at the stations of the Larks, Tuchkovo, Dorokhovo, Pobeda, Dachnaya, Zosimova Pustyn, White pillars, Lviv, Donino, Gzhel, Zelenograd, Abramtsevo, Khimki, Povarovo, etc. In fact, What places are popular now - on them from morning trains a lot of people with baskets come down.

Other Features

Going to the forest, you must properly dress and observe all the necessary precautions. For example, wear a hat and high boots. This will help to protect yourself from ticks and snakes that are found in the grass and bushes.

Each mushroom picker should have a knife and a special container. The usual package will not work, because in it the collected quickly "suffocate", lose all appearance and benefit, crumble and immediately begin to rot. Willow baskets are best suited. As for the method of collection, there are two directly opposite opinions: someone thinks that it is better to cut mushrooms, and someone insists that this method provokes rotting and death of the mycelium, so it is better to unscrew the foot from the ground like a screw. Unfortunately, there is no common opinion.

Edible and inedible

One of the first rules of mushroom pickers is this - in case of doubt it is better to refuse. Learning to distinguish edible from their poisonous brethren is not so difficult, it's a matter of practice. But the fact is that even delicious podberezoviki, boletus and boletus can conceal a danger in itself. Before determining where to look for mushrooms, you need to find a suitable place for this - a forest that is located far enough from highways and any other sources of pollution. Each bonnet and beautiful appetizing leg, found near such places, are threatened with poisoning. The fact is that mushrooms absorb all harmful substances, like a sponge, and you can not get rid of them. Therefore, it is worthwhile to think several times, choosing places where to look for mushrooms in the suburbs.

Another feature that affects the edibility is the relative position of different species. Sometimes it happens that the mushroom picker finds a clearing with a whole family of hats. And suddenly in the middle of this crowd there is a pallid grebe. It is better to throw the collected, because the poison, trapped in the mycelium, can cause in the most fortunate case the strongest poisoning.

In addition, it is not necessary to bring home large overripe copies. It is better to do otherwise - to put a bonnet on the tree branch in the forest. So it will be easier to spread disputes, and next year there is a chance to see in the previous places much more mushrooms.

Symptoms of poisoning

Everyone sometimes makes mistakes, but it is important to correct it in time. After eating mushrooms and suddenly doubting, you need to analyze your condition. The following symptoms should be cautious:

• abdominal pain;
• nausea, vomiting;
• Rise or fall of temperature;
• drowsiness;
• Increased salivation and / or sweating;
• Strong thirst.

The appearance of several such signs after eating mushrooms is an excuse to immediately seek help, even if it seems that this is not necessary. This can save someone's life, and you can even poison yourself with edible, but incorrectly processed species.

How to cook?

Before you look for mushrooms in the forest, it will be superfluous to ask how they should be handled. They are almost not stored, so immediately after collection they must be processed. Only a few hours - and all the forest wealth can safely be carried to the trash, so it's better to hurry. First of all, you need to sort, clean and cut everything. Such species as morels and stitches require special attention - they must be washed very carefully. As for conditionally edible mushrooms, as a rule, they need to be soaked for several hours to get rid of bitterness. In general, the preparation of each species requires its own approach. Some are more suitable for frying, others for quenching, others for salting. But in the end, it's a matter of taste.