Timing of vaccination of fruit trees. Types of inoculations of fruit trees

The beauty and productivity of the orchard depends on the condition of the trees. And to support it, you need to update the plants. Do this with special vaccinations.

Inoculation for fruit trees: expediency

To begin with, it is worth investigating what is an inoculation. This is one way to propagate a plant. With its help you can deduce your own variety of fruit tree, connecting one species with another. You do not need to spend a lot of money to buy new seedlings, it is enough to find a few cuttings or shoots. The grafting of a new kidney or a tree seedlings is a kind of engraftment of them on another plant. You can plant different types and varieties of trees. All the properties and qualities of the crop are preserved, and in many cases are even better than they were.

The use of vaccines has confirmed its usefulness. So, with the help of such a procedure, you can update the old fruit trees, which will begin to harvest in 3-4 years. The quality of new fruits will improve several times. Plant trees are not only professionals in large nurseries, more and more often gardeners themselves master this technique.

They are vaccinated only when the quality of the tree and its fruits begins to deteriorate with each passing year. Only then will the procedure help to quickly update the tree or replace it with another variety. Scientists have proved that several varieties and species can be inoculated on one tree at the same time. There are several common types of inoculations for fruit trees.

Types of vaccinations

Types of inoculation of fruit trees are selected individually under the features of wood and climatic weather conditions. It is worth telling about the main methods of grafting, which can be handled by any gardener. There are many options, but the following deserve attention:

1. Oculation . This type of vaccination is done with the help of the kidney. This method is used only in the spring. To conduct such an inoculation, make an incision on the cuttings and on the tree itself. Then put a shank to the place of the cut and gently tamped. Basically such a procedure is done with young plants.
2. Copulation . This kind is done with the help of a handle. In this way, the young stem and the trunk of the tree are connected and tightly connected to each other. This connection should be a continuation of the trunk. This method of vaccination can be done at any time of the year. It is important to observe one condition - cuttings should be at least a year.
3. In the cleavage. The timing of vaccination of fruit trees in this case has no boundaries. This method is used for a long time. Still our great-grandmothers used it. The only condition here is that the branch to which the stem should be planted should be twice as large in diameter. The vaccine is made as follows: on the branch of the plant, a smooth and smooth cut is made and a cleft with a depth of not more than 5 cm, but not less than 4 cm is applied right along the center. Then the stalk is inserted into the gap and tightly fastened.

When to plant fruit trees

The timing of inoculations of fruit trees play an important role in this matter. The most favorable time for such procedures is spring and summer. But for the operation itself to choose an overcast day without rain. You can vaccinate at any time of the day. Many years of experience of many agronomists shows that inoculation of fruit trees in spring is the most qualitative and successful.
If such a procedure should be carried out on a cherry or a plum, then it can be done immediately with the onset of spring. Such trees are not afraid of frosts and cold snaps. An apple tree and a pear like heat, so they are planted when the temperature stabilizes.

Begin to plant trees with the appearance of the first kidneys. It is allowed to grow cuttings in summer, but only where the climate is warm and dry. Many summer residents begin such manipulations on the lunar calendar. In it you can find all the detailed information about the favorable days for this.

In the autumn, trees are rarely planted, this is due to the fact that a low temperature does not allow the cuttings to settle well on the tree. If you still plant the tree is required only in the fall, then it should be done in the first days of September. It used to be that winter is also not the right time of the year for vaccination, but recent experiments prove otherwise.

Winter vaccination as a new step in the field of grafting trees

The timing of inoculation of fruit trees was previously strictly limited to spring and summer at times. Now the situation has changed dramatically. Many gardeners try to plant a tree in winter. And, strangely enough, they achieve good results in this matter. Such fruit trees, as cherry plum, plum, cherry, apple or pear, are able to give in this period a quality planting material. The winter vaccination yields the same high yield in the future, like many others, and the percentage of survival of the seedling is close to 100. This vaccine has the main advantage - the new stem grows in a short period of time.

Harvesting cuttings

It is important to properly prepare cuttings for grafting fruit trees. In order for the transplant to be successful in the future, they must be clean. It is better if they are obtained from the mother plant, which has been repeatedly phytosanitary selection. The thickness of the cut should be at least a pencil, and its length is about 40-50 cm. If the trees are located where there are severe frosts, cuttings can be favorably cut in late autumn or early winter.

Storage of cuttings

If the time of vaccination of fruit trees is selected, they should be properly preserved until this point. Sometimes it happens that it is difficult to do this, the material disappears. The most whimsical in storage are cherry and plum. The best temperature for them should be from -2 to -4 degrees.

Storage also depends on the territory and features of the climate. If the area with abundant snows, cuttings cut a thin layer of earth and about 70 cm top snow. If the area with constant thaws and snow is small, in this case all the cuttings are bundled into a bundle and covered with damp sawdust. Next lay out on the frost and keep them until the ice crust is about 15 cm thick. Then cut the cuttings in place near the house, sprinkle with dry sawdust and store until the spring.

Many gardeners keep the cuttings in the cellar or cellar. This method is suitable for all types of trees, except cherry and plum. They become very damp, then they will not yield for a long time. This storage promotes the early development of the kidneys on the cuttings. Leaves are formed earlier than the time, because such material will not easily survive on the tree. After storage, the bark can dry up very much, then before being grafted they are soaked for a couple of days in water and cleaned in a cool place.

We have sorted out the types of inoculations of fruit trees, now we will pay attention to the instruments with which we perform such an operation.

Tools for vaccinations

That the spring or summer inoculation of fruit trees was easy, you need to prepare the right tools. They should be well sharpened. So, the following adaptations are necessary:

1. A garden knife.
2. Secateurs.
3. Saw or hacksaw on wood.
4. Material for strapping.
5. Stairs.
6. Garden var.

All of the above tools for grafting fruit trees can be found on every garden plot. So, for example, a garden knife is needed for a quality cut of a tree. With a secateur, you can quickly cut the shank. A saw or a hacksaw can easily cut off thick and superfluous branches. The strapping material and the garden var are necessary for fastening the tree and the cuttings to each other. A staircase is required for high plantations. Do not forget that the tool for grafting fruit trees is sharp, so when working with it, you must follow safety rules.

Caring for trees after vaccination

As soon as the time of inoculations of fruit trees has come and the procedure is successfully carried out, it is necessary to wait until the stalk begins to grow. At this time, it is worthwhile to monitor rodents and aphids and start fighting them in time. It is not necessary to deprive such trees with abundant watering and fertilizers. If several cuttings were planted on the branch, then only one should be left. It happens that they cut down the cuttings with a strong wind, then they are strengthened with small arcs made of flexible branches. As soon as a year has passed after the inoculation, new shoots are shortened by 1/3 length and form a branch.

Compatibility of trees for vaccination

Compatibility of trees is important for vaccination. Many gardeners do not know what to plant the stalk of a pear, plum or apple tree. To achieve the best result, you need to combine like with a similar one. Only in this case cuttings will get accustomed to 100%. But some people go to plant the pear on the apple tree and get a rather unusual crop. It is also important to choose the right timing for the inoculation of fruit trees, this too will be a guarantee of quality fruit.

Having dealt with all types of vaccinations and the tools with which they are made, you can update the fruit trees with your own hands. As it turned out, inoculation of fruit trees in spring is the most effective. The result will not take long to wait - amazing and tasty fruits will please you and your loved ones.