Theory of driving a car with a manual transmission, the order of switching speeds

After graduating from a driving school, in America, the exam for driving a car with a manual and automatic transmission is dealt separately. That is, you have the opportunity to obtain the rights to drive a car with automatic transmission or manual transmission to choose from. Gradually, this innovation is included in our driving schools. However, this is so far an exception rather than a rule. Therefore, many in the old manner are trained on cars with a manual transmission. And let it be considered a relic of the past, but the skills of driving a vehicle on the ICIE have not been prevented by anyone.

What is a manual gearbox

First of all, it should be noted that two main methods of transferring the torque from the engine to the wheels are singled out. This process can occur via a manual transmission (manual, manual or mechanics) and automatic (automatic transmission, automatic transmission or automatic transmission).

To ensure that the vehicle has been faithful and true for many years, every self-respecting driver must know the rules of driving a car with a manual transmission. After all, this will not only increase the life of your car, but also in the event of a breakdown, you will have an idea of what happened to the car, and will be able to properly explain the situation to a specialist.

The mechanical gearbox is a kind of gearbox on which the driver independently performs a step change in the gear ratio. In the standard MKPP for speed selection there is a shift lever. With the help of the driver it is possible to switch on the necessary gear at any second (the exception is the back one, since it can be used only after removing a special fuse). Depending on the make and model of the car, the position of the lever and the drive system changes.

Depending on how many times the torque changes, the manual gear is divided into:

• Four-stage;
• Five-step;
• Six-speed;
• Seven, eight, and so on.

Also, the mechanical transmission is allocated three-shaft and two-shaft. The last MKPP used in front-wheel drive cars, and the first - in the rear-wheel drive. On the gear lever, the speed pattern is usually indicated. This is a great hint for a novice driver. When you switch gears, the main thing is to remember that they have to be changed sequentially, otherwise it will not work.

Theory of driving a car with a manual transmission

Studying in a driving school, each student is studying the structure of the car. This knowledge must be available to any driver. Also in the classroom, the theory of driving a car with a manual transmission is discussed. In some driving schools, there is already a choice of training - on the automatic transmission or manual transmission. As practice shows, today it is better to choose a mechanical study. Undoubtedly, it is more complicated than an automaton. However, after you have learned the mechanics, you will be able to do the automatic transmission for one or two times. After all, you can switch to an automatic machine at any time, and it will not be difficult. But with the automatic box, it's more difficult to switch to manual gear, after all, in fact, you will learn how to re-operate the machine.

Basics of driving a car with a manual gearbox the student receives in practical classes in a driving school. They are practiced all kinds of maneuvers, and in real conditions on the road, the order of gear shifting is learned. The main parts, which the driver should remember, in the box are the clutch and a set of gears. And for the car to go, you need to turn them on correctly. In order to beginner it was easier to understand, the coupling is schematically represented as two discs pressed tightly together. In order to select the necessary gear, you need to dilute them. This is done using the clutch pedal. And in the diluted state, the gear knob activates the gear required.

Shift Chart

Many experienced drivers, for the first time sitting behind the wheel, wondered how to switch the speed on the car with a manual transmission. This thought seems funny after a few practical exercises. Each car has its own individual limit, after which it is necessary to switch the speed. There is no universal scheme. However, for simplicity, there is an average order of speed switching:

• 1st gear - no more than 20 km / h.
• 2nd gear - within 40 km / h.
• 3rd gear - no more than 60 km / h.
• 4th gear - within 90 km / h.
• 5 transmission - over 90 km / h.

Once again, we recall that the above procedure for switching the velocities is classical. It can not be used universally on all cars. Each vehicle has its own switching speed. Attention requires engine speed. It is impossible for the movement to occur on small or too large. The next speed is required to be switched on at 2500-3500 rpm.

Movement in a straight line

The studied theory of driving a car with a manual gearbox distinguishes the ride in a straight line, on a descent, ascent and reverse. Each type of movement should be considered separately.

Sitting in the car, the first thing to do is to carefully inspect the dashboard, the handbrake and the gearbox. The shift lever must be in the neutral position. A handbrake - removed. Pedals are located as follows: left to right - clutch, gas, brake. After all the above actions are performed, you can insert the key into the ignition. Carefully turn it to the side. After you count to three. In this short time the starter is activated and the engine starts to work. After a couple of minutes, which are necessary to warm up the car, you can start driving. And here the main thing is not to stop ("not to execute a goat"). Therefore, at first do not rush anywhere and do everything measuredly.

Since we have left-handed cars, the sequence of actions will be considered according to this design. With your left foot, press down on the clutch. The movement should be fast, and the pedal must be pressed before it is put into the polish. With the help of the right hand, shift the gear lever to the first (that is, to the left and up). Now the left leg gently releases the clutch, and the right one presses the gas. Perform these movements at the same time will help the mental visualization. Imagine how the clutch plates are connected, the engine starts to spin the wheels slowly, and the car starts to move. An inexperienced driver must learn to feel the moment when the car starts to move, and gas should be gradually added. Immediately it does not all work out, but with experience this skill will appear.

In the first transfer, of course, you will not move forever, so you need to master their switching. Experienced motorists by sound determine when it is necessary to raise or lower them, but since beginners do not have such a skill, at first the tachometer will serve as an assistant. As soon as the turns have reached the value of three thousand (the value is averaged, each model has an auto digit), you need to switch to the next gear. To do this, you gradually release the accelerator and simultaneously squeeze the clutch. While the car continues to move, you should move the lever to the second gear. Here it is worth noting that it can only be moved after the clutch is completely squeezed out. After changing the transmission, the pedal is gently released. Now add the gas. Perhaps the first time you will not be able to perform all the actions synchronously, and you stall. Do not worry about it. Since not all turned out to correctly switch gears even from the tenth time. Do not worry, calm down and try again.

After changing gear, remove the leg completely from the clutch. Especially on the left side of the pedal is a playground. It is convenient to put a leg on it. After all, if you leave it on the pedal, first, it will numb, and secondly, it will lead to breakage of the clutch.

Movement on the descent

After you have learned how to smoothly move from place to place and move in a straight line, you can proceed to the next issue - the movement on the descent. It would seem that there is nothing easier than to roll from the hill and gently press down the brake pedal. However, this is fundamentally wrong. The braking must be done by the engine. The theory of driving a car with a manual transmission says that for this you need to transfer to the transmission below the one on which you moved before. And also this speed should not be higher than the one on which you will go on the rise. This condition must be met in order that the car is not too accelerated, and you had the opportunity to control it.

Movement on the rise

The studied theory of driving for beginners when going on the rise almost all does not raise questions. However, everyone, faced with this situation in practice, has difficulties. After all, the incorrectly selected speed will cause the engine to stall. And special attention should be paid to information about the beginning of the movement from one place to the mountain. When lifting a car with manual transmission it is very important that he does not go back. Therefore, the left foot to the stop should squeeze the clutch. Synchronously with this action, you need to turn on the gear, the field of which is to press the gas and gently release the clutch pedal. Which transmission should be on the rise? The answer to this question depends on the conditions of the road. At a significant climb distance, you must select the second or third gear. And if the lift has turns, give priority to the first speed, because on such a stretch of road it is better to slow down.

Reversing

The principle of driving a car with a mechanical gearbox in reverse is simple. Having dealt with once, in the following you will go without difficulty. Let's start with the most common mistake - turn on the rear gear, give the gas, release the clutch. And in the end, the driver gets a car moving backwards at high speed. It is extremely difficult to operate a vehicle in this way. The secret of a proper backward ride is unusually simple - refusing to use the gas pedal.

First, it is necessary to squeeze the clutch pedal, and then turn on the rear gear. In some car models, you need to raise the ring under the shift knob. It is not as difficult as it seems at first glance. Therefore, if in your car this is exactly so, gently lift the ring with the fingers under the knob of the lever. Then, using the mirrors, you determine where you want to turn the steering wheel, and you figure out the way. Smoothly release the clutch until the car starts to move. You can not completely release the pedal in any case. So, with not fully released clutch, you slowly but surely will move in reverse and be able to accurately perform parallel parking or any other maneuver. Sometimes you need to slow down the back of the car. This is much easier than it seems at first glance. This is done with a strong clutch pressure. Thus, your vehicle will stop moving back.

Braking

The algorithm of driving a car with a manual transmission during braking is as follows:

• Move the right foot from the accelerator pedal to the brake.
• Press it with the force that is necessary (for example, with emergency braking it should be sharp and strong).
• When the speed reaches ten kilometers per hour, the car starts to vibrate and shake a little. This means that it's time to squeeze the left-hand grip.
• Gear the gearbox to neutral speed.
• Release all the pedals.
• The car stops.

Test

After the termination of employment in driving school of the pupil driving examinations wait. Theory and practice are surrendered separately. With the first, most students can easily cope. But with practice, many have problems. The reason for this, most likely, is the lack of training, which you can make up from your instructor in a driving school, asking for additional classes.

The theoretical part of the exam is given in the form of a test on computers. Each question has several answers, one (in exceptional cases, several) is correct. The practical part is divided in two - this is the circuit and the city. With the latter everything is very clear. You drive a car around the city in real traffic and follow the examiner's directions. A circuit is the fulfillment of several tasks. After completing the training in the driving school, the future driver passes the following exercises in the exam: parallel parking, entry to the garage, climbing the overpass, snake and turn. For the correct execution of all tasks, as you can see, you will definitely need knowledge about driving on a car with a manual transmission in different road conditions.

Tips for beginners

Inexperienced drivers should remember some of the subtleties of driving a car with a manual transmission.

In order not to stall and understand how to switch gears, it is necessary to train. For this car is optional. Sit on a chair, stretch your legs forward as if you are in the car, and with the emphasis on the heels turn one by one, and the second lower, and vice versa. Your legs should move simultaneously. The training should look like this: the starting position - the left one completely stands on the floor, and the right one is raised, but rests against the heel. Now your feet should start moving at the same time. The right one gradually descends, and the left one rises. Legs should occupy the opposite position relative to the original. After the right raise, and the left lower. At the end of the exercise, the legs should be in their original position. Repeat the movements several times. After such training, you are unlikely to stall, sitting behind the wheel of the car.

You need to pay attention to a few nuances, namely, the inclusion of low and high gear. The latter is included after crossing the intersection and overtaking. And the lowered gear makes sense to turn on before turning, crossing roads and overtaking. These actions will allow the driver to have in reserve the power for an unexpected maneuver.

Now consider the neutral speed and descent. Any instructor will say that when driving a car from a mountain, you should never include this speed. But many so itchs and feet are used to use it when descending. They motivate these actions by saving. But she is not here at all. It is a relic of Soviet times. And also these actions are inadmissible on a wet or slippery road surface. After all, this threatens the safety of your and other road users.

Nuance, which experienced drivers know when driving uphill, is the right choice of gear. Motorists, having approached to lifting, switch speed one transfer more low. After they move uphill in the dispersal. When the car does not pull, do not start to gas, and switch to a lower gear. Learned on an "excellent" theory of driving for beginners is the basis that any future motorist needs. All other skills are acquired only in practice.