The role of the noun in speech. The use of nouns in speech

The category of parts of speech in Russian is the main one in morphology. It is known that they are divided into four classes: independent, service, modal (or introductory) words and interjections. The first is the noun. By and large, it can be regarded as the main language concept.

Noun as part of speech

Our vocabulary contains a great many words that denote objects, be they people, animals, things or substances. All these are nouns. In addition, there are still abstract concepts, including personal characteristics, say, honesty, kindness, envy; Sleep, running, dancing, rest. Such nouns also have the meaning of objectivity and answer the questions "who?" Or "what?".

All these words are called animate and inanimate objects, they possess such morphological categories as gender, number, and case. In accordance with this, they are divided into three kinds (male, female, middle), vary in numbers (single and multiple), and also in six cases.

Noun as part of speech Has the initial form in the nominative case of the singular: doll, girl, frost, joy, sugar.

The role of the noun in speech

In Russian, for every 100 words, there are 40 nouns. They make up 40% of the entire lexical composition. This means that almost every second word is an object or concept that answers the questions "who?" Or "what?". Therefore, it is difficult to overestimate the role of the noun in speech.

By and large, without this grammatical unit there would not be full communication. After all, in a sentence, as a rule, there are connections between objects and relations between them, therefore practically in each of them there is a noun, and often not one. The significance of this part of speech was well said by the well-known linguist V.G. Vetvitsky, defining it as a "conductor of a grammatical orchestra," whose every movement is followed by all "orchestra members" - dependent words that inherit its form and are consistent with it.

A great role is played by the multiplicity of nouns, and their use as means of linguistic expressiveness (metaphors, epithets, comparisons), and the presence of many not only direct, but also portable meanings.

The use of nouns in speech

This category of this part of speech in the sentences performs the most important function in the formation of the predicative basis. Thus, a noun can act as the only major term in the call sign. A vivid example is the quote by A. Blok: "Night. Street. Lamp. Pharmacy…"

The role of the noun in speech is not limited to this. As a predicate, it can be expressed in the nominative case in the so-called two-component sentences: "My sister is a student", and in the forms of indirect cases is used as the distributor of the following values:

• Object ("Masha fills the diary");
• Subject ("The girl was bright and happy");
• ("The cabinet of the chief is quite spacious");
• Circumstantial ("We all gathered at the checkpoint").

Due to the fact that the noun has categories of gender and numbers, it has the ability to combine with various forms of words that are consistent with it: beautiful dress (s), beautiful picture (s), beautiful flower (s).

The use of specific nouns

Depending on the features of the expressed value, this part of speech is divided into several groups, among which one can single out (pea, straw), material (milk, honey, silver), collective (foliage, sand, beast). But, perhaps, the most numerous and widespread in use words are nouns that are included in the number of concrete and abstract concepts.

The very phrase "concrete nouns" already sufficiently defines the content of the group. These are concepts that call different objects, as well as phenomena of real reality. One of their peculiarities is that words from the category of specific nouns are perfectly combined with any numerals - both quantitative, and ordinal, and collective: two babies, a second kid, two kids; Two pencils - the second pencil.

The second feature is the ability to form plural forms: the kid is the kids, the pencil is the pencils.

The use of abstract nouns

The names of some abstract concepts also represent a solid layer of Russian vocabulary. These words are nouns, naming or denoting some abstract concepts, actions or states (struggle, joy), qualities or properties (morality, good, yellowness).

Unlike specific names, abstract ones are used only in one form of number - or only one (silence, glitter, laughter, evil), or only plural (weekdays, vacations, elections, twilight). Also, they can not be combined with quantitative numbers. You can not say: three silence, two brilliance. Some of the abstract nouns can be used with adverbs a lot - a little, a little - a lot, how many: "And a lot of joy to the kids brought!", "Got a lot of trouble", "And how much was happiness!"

Sometimes, to denote a specific manifestation of abstract qualities, one can use the plural form in this form: frost-the January frosts broke out, the depths reached the depths of the ocean, beauty-admired the beauties of nature, and so on.

The most common nouns in a speech

If we try to analyze the lexicon of the average Russian, we can conclude that the words used in it are very popular. Most often used, so to speak, household nouns. In the speech of any person will sound the names of household utensils (a spoon, a knife, fork, pot, frying pan, etc.), food (bread, milk, sausage, pasta, etc.), words related to work, Study.

To determine how often this or that name (name, concept) is used in speech, philological scientists create special dictionaries. In some of them only nouns are represented, therefore, based on the study of such, it is possible to draw certain conclusions. Such dictionaries are called frequency dictionaries.

In one such list of thousands of nouns, the most frequently encountered are the following words: year, person, time, business, life, day, hand, work, word, place.

Nouns in a child's speech

From the point of view of scientists, even primitive people, knowing the surrounding world, studying nature and its phenomena, gave them their names. These names were fixed in the language of the tribes over time, creating its vocabulary. Similarly, nouns appear in the child's speech. In practice, this is the first words he uttered: mother, father, woman, kitty, etc. The kid, like the ancient people, also eagerly looks around and wants to know what this or that subject is called, and then more complex concepts.

So, with the passage of time children develop associative connections, their lexicon is enriched with new nouns. For example, a child knows what the grass is, and then, when he realizes that she has a certain color, she also learns the word "greens". Noun "wall" depending on the material finds "flesh" - brick, stone, wood. And these words also gradually enter into the vocabulary of the baby.

Conclusion

A noun, referring to an object or phenomenon, calls it in the broadest sense of the word. So, it can be the names of objects and things (desk, notebook, textbook, cabinet), substances (paint, flour, alkali), living beings and organisms (man, cat, starling, bacillus), events, phenomena, facts (opera, Thunderstorm, joy), geographical names, names and surnames of people, as well as qualities, properties, actions, states (kindness, intelligence, walking, drowsiness). All these are vivid examples of the use of nouns.

With their help, it is easy to navigate the streets of the city, reading the signs, since the names of institutions and organizations are just that part of the speech. Similarly, it is easier to imagine what will be discussed in a book or article (in the title, as a rule, there is a noun). It can be called the oldest, most common, most independent, most important and most leading part in grammar.

One can not but agree with L. Uspensky, who defined the role of the noun in speech, calling it the bread of the language. How important this product is in a person's life is so important and this category in the functioning of the language.