The population of Cuba. Population size of the country

The Republic of Cuba is a large island nation located in the Caribbean Sea. The territorial composition of the country includes many small archipelagoes, like Antilles and Juventud. There are no common land borders with any state. It is in the immediate vicinity of North America. The capital is the city of Havana. Since 1945 he is a member of the UN.

History of the population

In ancient times, the territory of modern Cuba was inhabited by Indians. In the autumn of 1492, their peace was disturbed by an expedition headed by Columbus himself. For a long time between Europeans and indigenous tribes there was a fierce war for land. And only in 1511 Diego Velazquez managed to subdue the local population of Cuba. Soon Fort Baracoa was erected on the islands.

Gradually, the number of settlements of Europeans increased. Nevertheless, the Indians secretly did not want to concede their lands to strangers and repeatedly attacked new colonies. By the end of the 1520's, the number of casualties among local residents exceeded one million. What was the population of Cuba at the time? Based on historical records, it was about 1.8 million people. In the early 19th century a radical group of patriots appeared on the territory of the island colony. She pursued the goal of secession from Spain. The struggle for independence began in 1868 and lasted exactly 30 years. With alternate success, the reins of government temporarily passed from hand to hand. Several times the peace treaty was signed, but it acted only on paper.

In 1898, the US Army helped Cuba gain independence status. From this moment a fierce struggle for power began in the country. Every few years the island state shuddered from new military and revolutionary upheavals. From 1953 to 2006 The head of Cuba was the great dictator Fidel Castro. He was remembered not only by successful reforms, but also by confrontation with the CIA. At the moment the country is run by Fidel's younger brother Raul Castro.

Geographical features

Cuba is located next to the border of North and South America. The republic includes the largest island in the West Indies. We are talking about Juventud, to which there are still about one and a half thousand coral reefs. The coastline of Cuba is convenient for large and small ships. Dozens of large bays and ports are located here. Bays and coral formations are characteristic of the adjacent water area. The area of the republic is about 111 thousand square meters. Km. From a bird's eye view, the island resembles a huge lizard, whose head is turned to the North Pole. From the south the country is washed by the Caribbean Sea, from the west and the north - the Gulf of Mexico, from the east - by the Atlantic Ocean. The closest point of the island to the border with the US is at a distance of 180 km from the mainland. The state separates the Florida Strait. The closest to Cuba are the islands of Haiti and Jamaica.

The mountain system occupies a third of the country's territory. The highest point is the peak of Turkino - 1972 m.

What attracts Cuba

The climate in the country is tropical, so the average annual temperature rarely exceeds +25 degrees. The coldest month in the year is January. The temperature of the air is then +22 C. In summer, the figures are slightly higher - up to +30 C. The water temperature is always stable +26 degrees.

As in all other islands, rains are common in Cuba. In a year here precipitation falls to 1400 mm. Nevertheless, always stable moderately hot weather every month attracts tens of thousands of tourists. In addition, the island is constantly blown by a pleasant wind, bringing with it fresh sea air. The animal world is rich in water representatives: mollusks, shrimp, lobsters, strange fish.

The population of the provinces

According to the state system, Cuba is a unitary country. The entire republic is divided into administrative municipalities. This was done for political reasons. To date, the country has 16 provinces.

The most densely populated is the city of Havana. Its population is about 2.3 million. A little less than the population of Cuba is represented in the provinces of Holguin and Santiago - for a million people. Further on the number of such cities and islands as Granma, Camagüey, Pinar, Villa-Clara and the region of Havana. The fewest people live in the province of Juventud - just over 87 thousand people. It is noteworthy that the smallest in the area is just the city of Havana - 725 square meters. Km. The density of population at the same time is 3 times higher than all other provinces together.

Each municipality has its own executive and representative authorities.

Population of the Republic

Most of the inhabitants of the islands are the Cuban people. The population is represented by the descendants of the tribes of the Siboney, Arawak, Haitians, Guanahanabeev, Taino, etc. Nevertheless, to date, there are few true indigenous inhabitants. Most of them were exterminated during the wars with the Spanish colonialists.

The present population of Cuba is a mixture of dozens of peoples from Indians to Europeans. In addition, in the 17th and 18th centuries hundreds of thousands of African slaves were brought here by the Spaniards. That's why there are so many black people on the islands. For all of them, Cuba has long become a home. In the 19th century, about 125 thousand Chinese were imported to the islands. In the 20th century, the population of Cuba was diluted by Americans. During the Second World War, thousands of Jews were found here. In 1953, more than 84% of the inhabitants of the islands turned out to be a Caucasoid race. By 2012, the population of Cuba was about 11.16 million people.

Number for 2015

According to demographic indicators over the past 10 years in the Caribbean water the leading place is occupied by the Republic of Cuba. The population of Cuba in the fall of 2014 was about 11.23 million people. At the same time, specialists noted a decrease in the birth rate and inflow of migrants to 0.1%. In addition, the working population, including young people, is constantly leaving the country. The main place of emigration is still the United States.

As of 2015, the population of Cuba is 11.22 million people. According to experts, negative demographic dynamics is expected. Already at the moment the population has decreased by almost 12 thousand people. This is indicative, because the birth rate this year significantly exceeded mortality (by 18%). Consequently, outflow of emigrants is again in favor of negative trends. According to statistics, 32 people leave the country in a day. At the same time, the birth rate is at the level of 300 children per day.

Population aging

British experts believed that Cuba is the only Latin American state in which population decline has occurred in recent years. The demographic crisis in the country has been observed for several years. It is noted that the population of Cuba and the number of its inhabitants are directly affected by aging. The fact is that the birth rate falls every year, therefore, the average subsistence age of the region rises. On the other hand, there is a very good level of health in the country. Not without reason, mortality with each reporting period is losing its usual pace. Today in Cuba, 18% of people over 60 live. Due to the mild marine climate, pensioners practically do not suffer from heart attacks and cancer.

Traditions of local people

The population of Cuba is very cheerful and creative people. My favorite pastime is music and dancing. In addition to public holidays, here are honored Valentine's Day and Parents' Day.

Almost all Cubans save their savings all year round for the sake of having plenty of time to rest at the carnival in a chic suit. Night life is represented by mass discos to the rhythms of salsa.

The favorite business of the elderly is sitting on a rocking chair with a glass of rum and a Cuban cigar.