The national language: forms of existence. The national language of the Russian people

It so happened that in the modern world the concepts of native and national language are mixed. Between them is put practically a sign of equality, which, in fact, is completely wrong.

The difference between national and native language

For example, consider the following situation: a man from Russia emigrated to the US and eventually became a citizen. From that moment his national language is English. Does this make it native? Of course not.

Wherever a person is, only his set of tokens, on which he thinks, which he literally absorbed with his mother's milk, will be native to him.

The concept of the national language

There are other difficulties in this matter. For example, many linguists equate it with the official language of the country, which is not always legitimate. By and large, the national language is a certain language of the people, which may not coincide with the language of the documentation of a particular country.

A typical example can be considered the languages of the Indians living on American territory in reservations. The official language for them will be English, but this does not negate the fact that for these groups there is its own national language.

Another example is the eastern part of Ukraine, which for the most part consists of Russian immigrants. At the legislative level, official for them is considered Ukrainian. Virtually the entire population of this territory freely owns them, nevertheless the national language for them is Russian.

Communication with literature

Another cornerstone in this matter is considered to be the identification of the national language with the literary one. Of course, it will be fundamentally wrong, because these phenomena are very original and exist, although in connection with each other, but rather in a situation of interaction, rather than coincidence.

Do not forget that language is, above all, a system of signs. This applies to any of its manifestations, whether it is an adverb, a dialect or a literary language. All of them form a number of systems, the elements of which can coincide, and may differ radically.

Thus, words related to the literary language can also refer to the national language, while the reverse situation is simply impossible.

great and mighty

As mentioned earlier, the national Russian language need not necessarily act exclusively on the territory of Russia. In this case, the determining factor is not the legislation, but the mentality of the people, their self-determination and worldview.

By and large, a person comprehends the environment through the prism of language. Certain lexemes cause in our consciousness associations with a specific image, which, in turn, is associated with a particular reality. The national language in this case plays an extremely important role, since it is he who determines the commonality of concepts, realized by the representatives of the same people. So, respectively, the national Russian language gives each of its bearers a certain, different from any other picture of the world and being as a whole.

Russian people

A little earlier, an example was given of Indians living in the United States, but retaining their own national language. Someone can say that the situation is the same in the territory of Russia, where a large number of people live, and the remark will be, in fact, legitimate.

In this case, the key is the issue of self-determination of these nationalities - they all refer themselves to the Russians to some extent. Thus, it can be argued that for a certain part the national language, the state language and the Russian language are identical phenomena.

Forms of existence

It is quite natural that such a broad, almost universal concept, as the language of the people, simply can not be limited to any specific framework. Earlier it was said that a literary language is a related concept that comes into interaction, but not the same. Everything is not so simple as it seems at first glance.

The national language, whose forms of existence can be very different, is practically unlimited with respect to the formation of word forms and the sphere of use. Literary is the height of the language of the people. This is the most normalized, filigree part of it.

Nevertheless, there are other areas of existence, from which you can not simply refuse. Millions of philologists around the world are continuously learning the national language, forms of existence and its development.

For example, one of such forms can easily be called territorial dialects, which have nothing to do with literary language. Dialectisms here can be very different: lexical, syntactic and even phonetic, by which one should understand the difference in the pronunciation of words.

One more full-fledged form of existence of the national language can be safely called urban vernaculars. They can be expressed both in the wrong formation of declination paradigms, and in the banal arrangement of stresses. In addition, a common occurrence in this case is the misuse of the category of the genus. This is also the case with "lodges" so common today instead of "luggage".

Finally, professional and social group jargons easily fit into the notion of a national language.

Ways of becoming

Of course, such a complex, multilevel system simply can not arise from scratch. English national language, acting not only in the UK, but also in the US, Canada, like any other, and even more so Russian, has become such gradually.

In our case, the process of formation began in the 17th century, when our Russian nation was finally formed .

The process of language development is completely continuous, every day new and new words appear in it, which eventually enter the lexical system definitively and no longer cause misunderstanding or surprise. For example, anyone today can not be surprised by words like "school", "audience" or "lawyer" - the meaning of each is quite obvious. Moreover, the tokens seem to us primordially Russian, while initially they were the property of Latin.

The process of the formation and development of the national language is inextricably linked with the people themselves, which creates it, complements and enriches it from day to day. Some words gradually go out of use, being replaced by others, or completely forgotten for lack of realities that mean.

Over time, there may be a shift in the word, and even its semantics - from the adjacent to the opposite. Nevertheless, the national language of the Russian people always remains so, uniting in itself that soul - common to all, one and indivisible. He not only allows us to see the world in his own way, but also creates it for us all.