The method is .. Methodology, application of methods, modern methods

The method is a very broad concept that applies to almost every science and is inextricably linked with research. Nevertheless, he has a very precise definition. The history of the development of methods and methodology is divided into two periods, as will be discussed in more detail in this article. In addition, issues of classification and evolution of methods will be discussed.

Terminology

Essentially, the word "method" has two valid values.

First, the method is a method of theoretical investigation or practical implementation. In this sense, it is perceived by scientists. For example, empirical (that is, based on experience) or deductive method (from general to particular). It is worth noting that these examples are methods of cognition, which is only one area of methodology.

Secondly, the method is a way to act in some specific way, the variant of the action chosen by this or that person / organization, etc. For example, methods of control, control, manipulative methods.

It is important to note also the fact that both values correlate: thus, definitions begin with the word "method", which is a very common synonym for the "method". Then comes clarification: what is it exactly? These are two important elements from which the method is created.

Methodology

Methodology is a teaching about methods that represents an integral system of principles of organization, as well as ways of constructing both theoretical and practical activities. In this definition lies the key to one general definition of the method.

That is, the method is that through which the activities are organized. But it is still accepted as a basis to take two demarcated definitions, presented just above, in the previous paragraph.

Tasks and features

The method must correspond with the reality, with those properties and laws that the reality carries in itself.

The need for methods arises from the task of accumulating and transmitting social experience. The early stages of the development of culture already contained the rudiments of methodology. But only when it was clarified the need to formalize the rules and norms of activity, it began to develop in a conscious and purposeful manner.

Historical development of methodology as a science

The methodology has long been included in the context of natural-philosophical and logical representations. Moreover, it represented the philosophical foundations of scientific and cognitive activity. Consequently, the definition of a method as a method of cognition first arose.

From this point of view, various philosophers at different times classify methods in their own way. For example, before the spread of German classical philosophy, only two types of methods were distinguished: rationalistic and empiric. But the limitations of these directions were subsequently criticized. The nature of the methodology itself also remained unclear: from the mechanical to the dialectical. After analyzing the structure of the teaching, Kant singled out constitutive and regulative principles. Some categories were studied and represented by Hegel.

However, under the guise of philosophy, the methodology could not achieve specificity, remaining a set of points of view.

The Twentieth Century: Reforming the Notion of Methodology

In the twentieth century, the methodology began to encompass a specialized field of knowledge. In addition, she was given a specific direction: the internal movement, that is, the mechanisms and logic of knowledge.

Methodology began to correspond to differentiation.

Classification

There are the following types of methods:

• Universal, which have their own classification. Dialectical and metaphysical methods are known.
• General scientific, the classification of which is based on the levels of knowledge - empirical and theoretical.
• Private, or specific, tied to specific areas of science in which they are used or from which to occur. In other words, the basis for this type is the application of methods in various fields or the development of methods by these spheres. This species has the widest range of examples. So social methods are directly related to sociology and society, and psychological methods are directly based on the laws of psychology.

Methods and methods

The method differs from the methodology in the first place by a less specific definition. The second is, so to speak, the ready algorithm, the instruction of actions. The same method can be applied in different cases, while the techniques are for the most part narrowly specialized and developed for specific circumstances.

Evolution of methods

Evolution of methods is easy to follow on the example of the Institute of Medicine, or rather, diagnostic studies.

Modern diagnostics are improved due to the progress and deepening of scientific knowledge. At present, such devices and devices as were not available at least fifty years ago are provided.

It can be said that modern methods were greatly influenced by such an invention of humanity as a computer. And not only as the implementation of some developments, but also for the analysis of data that helps to identify logical relationships that were not noticed before, to reform methods, to adjust them to the current realities of life.

The method is a universal tool, a method, the most important element of any of the areas. Methods progress together with scientific knowledge. The structuring of methodology in the twentieth century contributed to the development taking on an extensive character.