Potassium permanganate: basic chemical properties and reactions

Potassium permanganate in Latin is called Kalii permanganas. In the world, this is simply potassium permanganate - potassium salt in the reaction of manganic acid. The letter designation KMnO. In contact with the organics, it forms a protein-albumin, in the sensations of the body this reaction is transmitted by a burning sensation, knitting, local irritation, while possessing a healing effect and the property of a deodorant and antidote.

Potassium permanganate is obtained by electrochemical oxidation of manganese compounds or by changing their proportions. Here are some on potassium permanganate reactions, widely used in industry and pharmacology:

2MnO2 +3 Cl2 + 8KOH → 2KMnO4 + 6KCl + 4H2O

2K2MnO4 + 2H2O → 2KMnO4 + H2 ↑ + 2KOH.

Here, as we see, manganese, being oxidized, interacts with chlorine salts and potassium molecules. The second reaction is widely used in industry, since with it potassium permanganate is produced endothermically by electrolysis of the concentrate.

Physical properties of potassium permanganate

In science, this compound is also called potassium permanganate, which is a granular crystal of rhombic form and dark-lilac color. In the form of crystals, potassium permanganate decomposes at a heating temperature of 240 ° C and higher, forming an oxygen release. This is demonstrated by the following reaction:

2KMnO4 = K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2.

The density of the substance is 2.703 g / cm2. Cube, the molar mass of potassium permanganate is 158.03 g / mol. The solubility of the compound in water depends on the degree of concentration, as well as on the temperature of the water (data are presented in Table 1).

Table 1. Solubility of potassium permanganate at various temperatures

Depending on the number of crystals added to water at different temperatures, each solution will have its own shade - from a weak, tender-crimson at a low concentration to purple-violet - at a large. Other solvents of crystals of potassium permanganate are acetone, ammonia and methyl alcohol.

Chemical properties of potassium permanganate

The substance "potassium permanganate" is a fairly strong oxidant. Depending on the pH environment, it acts on different types of substances, restoring in the equation to manganese compounds of different degrees of oxidation. For example, in an acid medium - II, in an alkaline medium - up to VI, in a neutral medium, respectively - up to IV.

In contact with a concentrate of sulfuric acid, potassium permanganate, whose chemical properties indicate oxidation, causes an explosive reaction, and when heated, releases oxygen - this method of production of O2 is widely used in industry.

Application of potassium permanganate

In modern laboratory production, potassium permanganate is common in organic synthesis in the form of an oxidizer. In alkaline solution is an effective detergent and degreaser. It is popular and universal application of 0.1% solution in medicine for the treatment of burns, rinses, disinfection, toxin removal. Some pharmacies do not release this substance, since by order of the Ministry it is considered to be explosive. But you can get potassium permanganate in the garden shops, where it is sold in the form of fertilizer.