"The libel is ..." Word review

One of the most interesting areas of linguistics is etymology - the science of the origin of lexical units. The stories of their birth and introduction into the vocabulary are sometimes similar to detectives, sometimes - to anecdotes ...

The meaning of the word "lampoon"

An interesting explanation is given to this lexeme VI. Dal in his famous work on the interpretation of units of the Russian language. According to the scientist, libel is "nameless" (that is, in fact anonymous), "an abusive letter, a diarrheal writing." In more modern dictionaries the character of anonymity has already disappeared, but the meaning of the slanderous work, and even with attacks-insults, invariably remains. However, it can be not only a message in writing, but also a caricature with the same false and insulting information about a certain person or group of people, as well as a political party or social movement.

It is interesting that in the XIX century in the countries of the West and in Russia the word "lampoon" had the legal meaning of a false denunciation.

The etymology of the word "lampoon"

It often happens that there is no unanimous opinion about the origin of any lexeme. The same thing happened with the word "lampoon". This is a whole story. It is believed that it occurred on behalf of Pasquin. The researchers, however, disagree on the point of view relative to its carrier. Some believe that the shoemaker with this name lived in Rome in the XV century and allegedly mercilessly branded superiors for their various sins. According to others, Pasquin was either an innkeeper or a barber. Well, the third ones are sure that in ancient times on one of the streets of Rome there was an armless remnant of the sculpture, originally depicting some famous person. On the contrary lived an inconspicuous teacher - Maestro Pasquino, whose students saw the external resemblance of a bust with their mentor and called him the same way.

There was a sculpture on a broad pedestal and in a very crowded place. This also contributed to the fact that soon it began to stick to all sorts of sharp epigrams, cartoons, often frank gossip or slander, sometimes anecdotes where representatives of the Catholic Church or the government were criticized. So everything, pasted on Paskvino, can be considered libel. Here is a story.

Pronunciation of the word "lampoon"

In Russian, this lexeme came indirectly - from Italian through Polish. Naturally, therefore, the word retained the accent inherent in this language, always on the penultimate syllable, whereas in German the emphasis is on the latter: pasquíll is lampoon. The stress is sometimes deliberately transferred to the end of the word. This happens when the intention is intentionally intended to give an ironic meaning: "He again issued another lampoon."

Our language abounds with words, in which the emphasis is mobile, which often leads to confusion for foreigners studying Russian. As for the word "libel", this did not affect him. With declension both in the singular and in the plural, the stress invariably stands on the first syllable.

There is one more feature of the pronunciation of this word - the obsolete form of paschvil. By the way, it sounds like that in Polish. And in Russian classical literature of the XVIII-XIX centuries in this form is often found.

Synonyms for the word "lampoon"

This essay is often written in the style of journalism or even fiction and in form close to the pamphlet. However, if the latter is a literary genre, then libel is Still slanderous fabrications, and, let's say, the legalized form of artistic prose, he can not be.

In some positive sense, the word "pamphlet" can be considered a synonym for "lampooning". But the Russian word "slander", as well as a few borrowed words, is closer in meaning. Thus, the meaning of slanderous fabrication has a lexeme "insinuation". Defamation will be called publicity in the press of some information that disgraces someone. There is also the rarely used word "liberla". Its meaning is the same - the little book for the most part of the libelous content.

To this we can add an entire synonymic series of colloquial synonyms with different emotional and stylistic colors: bullshit, lies, fiction, fiction, slander, falsehood, fabrications, lies, lies, slander, depressing, vain, headphone, falsehood, accusation, , Oblyg, obnovt, ogornitelstvo, slander, whistle, gossip.