The Kremlin of Rostov: photos and reviews. Cathedrals of the Rostov Kremlin

It is difficult to imagine an ancient Russian city without its own Kremlin. This is a system of urban fortifications with towers, ramparts and temples. Altogether, 14 Kremlines were completely preserved on the territory of Russia, five of which were included in the World Heritage List. More than a dozen similar objects have remained fragmented.

Visiting card of Rostov (not to be confused with this city with Rostov-on-Don) is the Rostov Kremlin - a unique architectural ensemble in the Yaroslavl region, which is part of the Golden Ring of Russia. It is about him that will be discussed in this article.

Museum-Reserve "Rostov Kremlin"

The photos of the ensemble presented in the article perfectly illustrate the beauty and splendor of this monument. It is located in a picturesque area, on the shore of Lake Nero. The Metropolitan, or the Bishops' Court, was formerly called the Rostov Rostov, after all, in fact, it was the residence of the metropolitan of the Rostov diocese.

The architectural ensemble belongs to the monuments of defensive architecture, although Rostov itself did not have any strategic military significance at the time of construction of the Detinets. Today, the Rostov Kremlin is a museum that can be visited daily, from 10 am to 5 pm. But the fortress walls are allowed only in the warm season. The entrance ticket to the territory of the reserve costs 300 rubles for an adult and 180 rubles for children or pensioners. Fans of ancient architecture should always visit the Rostov Kremlin. The photos below will only underline the greatness of this outstanding historical monument!

In addition to all this, the architectural complex can still be called a movie star. So, the scenery for the famous Soviet tape "Ivan Vasilyevich changes the profession" was exactly the Rostov Kremlin.

History of the complex

The history of the Metropolitan Court is quite interesting, the ensemble survived several difficult moments in its biography. The Rostov Kremlin was built in the 17th century for 14 years - from 1670 to 1683. It was planned according to biblical canons: in the center - a paradise garden with a lake, surrounded by high walls.

An important and unpleasant event for the Kremlin occurred in 1787, when the metropolis was transferred to Yaroslavl. After this, the Metropolitan Court in Rostov gradually declines. It even went so far that the bishops were going to surrender it for analysis. Fortunately, at the end of the XIX century, the architectural ensemble with the money of merchants was restored. A few years later, a museum of church antiquities was established here.

Another sad page in the history of the Rostov Kremlin occurred in 1953: many structures of the complex were then damaged by a powerful tornado.

Such a stormy and thorny historical path was the Kremlin in Rostov. Fortunately, our ancestors managed to save it to our days. And already in 2013 the Rostov Kremlin entered the honorable top ten of the "Symbols of Russia".

Structure of the complex: cathedrals of the Rostov Kremlin

The architectural ensemble incredibly successfully blended into the surrounding area, located on the shore of the picturesque Lake Nero. As part of the historic complex: 6 temples, Samuel Corps, White and Red Chambers, Holy Gate, eleven towers and other buildings.

Let's list all the churches of the Rostov Kremlin:

• Assumption Cathedral;
• Church of the Savior Not Made by Hands;
• The church of St. Gregory the Theologian;
• The Church of St. John the Evangelist;
• The Church of the Hodegetria;
• Church of the Resurrection (Gate).

Church of the Hodegetria

This is the latest in the time of building the structure of the Rostov Kremlin. The temple was built in the Moscow Baroque style, in the north-western sector of the complex. From the remaining temples of the Kremlin, the Odigitria Church is distinguished by the presence of an open balcony on the second floor. Outside its walls are decorated with a patterned ornament, which creates the effect of relief, if you look at the structure from afar.

The interior of the temple is also especially: the interiors are decorated with 20 molded cartouches with paintings. At a time when the bishop's court was in desolation, the murals were badly damaged. They restored them only in 1912, especially for the visit of Tsar Nicholas II. Re- painting the temple was updated at the beginning of the third millennium. Today in the church Odigitriya is one of the museums.

Church of the Savior Not Made by Hands

In 1675 within the limits of the Rostov Kremlin the temple of the Savior on Senj has grown. Its main difference from others is the presence of an eight-layered cover in the design of the church. The interior decoration of the temple is striking: an arcade supported by gilded supports. The walls of the church are decorated with beautiful paintings, made in the same 1675 year. The Church of the Savior of the Holy Face was renewed and restored twice: the first time - at the end of the XIX century, and the second - at the end of the twentieth century.

The central dome of the church is decorated with a wonderful painting called "Fatherland". It depicts the six archangels with prophetic scrolls, and the arches are decorated with major events from the Gospel. On the western wall of the temple is depicted the "Last Judgment", and on the opposite is the iconostasis.

Church of St. Gregory the Theologian

This church was built in the 1670s on the foundation of the Grigorievsky Monastery, which existed on this site earlier. Unfortunately, the first interiors of the temple were burnt during a fire in 1730. After it, the interior of the church of Gregory the Theologian was updated, in particular, using stucco molding.

At the end of the XIX century a new iconostasis was equipped in the church, which was decorated with fine gilded carvings.

Church of St. John the Evangelist

One of the last temples of the Rostov Kremlin, built in 1683. Experts say that this temple is notable for its elegance in comparison with other churches of the architectural complex. The facades are beautifully decorated and characterized by an amazing harmony of shapes. The temple survived several tragic events: two fires (in 1730 and in 1758) severely damaged it, and in 1831 it lost its roof due to a strong wind. And only at the end of the XIX century seriously engaged in the restoration of this structure. However, already in 1953 in Rostov there was a powerful tornado, from which the Church of St. John the Theologian again suffered a lot. But, despite all the vicissitudes of fate, the temple managed to be preserved and brought to posterity.

The Gate Church of the Resurrection

In 1670, the Church of the Resurrection was erected on the territory of the Rostov Kremlin. It is located above the gate, on a high podklet. The facades of the church are complicated by rectangular towers, which protrude slightly from the plane of the walls.

The Assumption Cathedral and its belfry

The Uspensky Cathedral of the Rostov Kremlin is the main monumental structure of the ensemble. It was built in 1508-1512 on the spot where his predecessors used to be. The temple is very similar to the Assumption Cathedral in Moscow in its architecture: five-domed, decorated in simple but noble forms. It is built of brick, as well as white stone, the total height of the cathedral is 60 meters.

The Assumption Cathedral is decorated with a variety of decor elements: panels, belts and horizontal towers. Due to this the temple is very beautiful and expressive, even in the XXI century it looks chic.

Nearby is the belfry of the Assumption Cathedral, which was built much later, at the end of the XVII century. It is crowned with four chapters. Metropolitan Iona ordered for this belfry to cast 13 large bells, each of which was endowed with its tonality. In general, the bells are able to produce a harmonious and pleasant ringing. To date, 15 bells have been preserved at the belfry of the Assumption Cathedral of the Rostov Kremlin.

It is also worth noting that in 1991 both the Assumption Cathedral and its belfry were returned to the Russian Orthodox Church.

Bells

The bells of the Rostov Kremlin deserve some words. The very first - for the bishop's court in Rostov - was cast in 1682. It was called "Swan" and weighed only 500 poods (in comparison with the subsequent bells of the Kremlin it was a small weight). A year later, the following was cast - "Polyeley", whose weight was already 1000 poods. Both bells are the work of one master - Philip Andreev.

The biggest bell of the Rostov Kremlin (weighing in 2000 poods!) Was cast by another master - Flor Terentyev in 1688. Only one tongue weighed more than a ton, so it was necessary to swing it to two strong men. However, the beauty of sound, according to experts, he has no equal in Rostov.

Another large bell - "Holodar" - weighed 172 poods. It was used only during the Lent. All other bells of the Rostov Kremlin are relatively small, weighing no more than 30 poods. Almost all of them were cast in the 17th century, historians say.

The bells of the Rostov Kremlin have a unique ringing, the beauty of which at one time was admired by Berlioz and Shalyapin. With the advent of Soviet power, all church bells were banned. And the bells of the Rostov Kremlin were planned to be destroyed. They owe their salvation to AV Lunacharsky, who miraculously then found himself in Rostov and saved these valuable monuments.

Conclusion

The Rostov Kremlin is a grandiose monument of history and architecture. This is one of the most significant ensembles of the country, attracting up to 200 thousand tourists annually. The Kremlin in Rostov is not only a unique architecture and beautiful temples. Surprising and attractive and the most amazingly gracious atmosphere that reigns on the territory of this complex.