The flat epithelium in the urine: the norm in women. Decoding of the general analysis of urine

The upper cellular layer of the internal organs is called the epithelial tissue. Epithelium covered the mucous membranes of the genitourinary system. In all tissues, including epithelial tissues, regeneration takes place. Cells that have performed their function, tearing themselves off, enter the urinary system, so traces of the epithelium are always present in the urine. Depending on the amount of epithelial cells and other results of laboratory tests, pathological processes in the human body are diagnosed. In some cases, the increase in the epithelium in the urine is associated with the use of certain medications.

Types of epithelium

In all parts of the urinary system, the epithelial layer is different and the cells that line it have an unequal structure. There are epithelium:

• Flat - it's round, colorless cells of large size, having a core. A small amount of it in the urine of children and women corresponds to the norm. If the epithelium is flat in the urine is elevated, then it is regarded as having an infection in the body. The presence of cells of the flat epithelium in the urine of men indicates a pathological process in the body, they should not normally be. In the urine of girls and women cells come from the vagina and urethra. Their number should not exceed ten. Otherwise, this is a deviation from the norm. In newborn infants and toddlers up to 2 weeks of age, cells Flat epithelium in urine to ten.
• Transitive cells whose cells have one or more nuclei. The shape is cylindrical or round. This kind of epithelial tissue is lined: the upper section of the urethra, the ureter, and the renal pelvis. Normally, there should be a maximum of three cells in men, women and children. This type of epithelium increases with kidney disease (urolithiasis, cystitis, pyelonephritis). Exclude the presence of polyps, hepatitis. In some cases, the massage of the prostate gland can help to increase the cells.
• Renal. This species should not be seen in the urine. A small value of cells (up to 10) in children up to a month of age is allowed. The presence of renal epithelium is a pathology of the kidney parenchyma.

The increase in this or that kind of epithelium is an important diagnostic moment. The presence of inflammation in the pelvic organs, a violation of the blood supply and other conditions affect the epithelial layer of the mucous membranes of the urinary tract. In this case, there is a strong rejection of cells, which settle in the urine. In the clinical diagnostic laboratory, the type of epithelium is determined. The data obtained help with the diagnosis. Men have a flat epithelium in the urine, what does that mean? And this means that there is inflammation in the genitourinary system and requires immediate treatment.

How correctly to hand over the analysis?

There are certain recommendations regarding the delivery of urinalysis:

• A day before the collection of urine, exclude foods that stain urine (beets, carrots, citrus fruits). Limit spices, salt. If possible, do not take diuretic and vitamin preparations, as well as medicines containing nitrofuran compounds due to intense staining of urine in a rich yellow color;
• Produce hygiene of the external genital organs;
• Collect about 100 ml of morning urine (medium dose) in a clean glass or plastic container;
• Deliver the container with urine to the clinical laboratory of the medical institution in the near future. Perhaps temporary storage in a refrigerator, but not more than two hours, so that the results of the analysis are not distorted;
• During menstruation, the delivery of the test is not recommended, otherwise a special hygiene tampon should be used.

Non-observance of these rules can show an unreliable result, including the presence of epithelial tissues in urine.

Decoding of the general analysis of urine

One of the important indicators is the presence in the urine of epithelial tissue. The norm is:

• Cells of flat epithelium in the smallest children from birth to two weeks of age, girls, women from 0 to 10. In men - absent.
• Transition. For any gender and age from 2 to 3.
• Renal. In newborn children and until they reach a month from 0 to 10. For men and women, these cells should not be present.

Diagnosis of diseases is based on which of the above cells were found in urine.

Flat epithelium in the urine. The rate at women is exceeded: the reasons

Epithelial cells lining the urethra, the bladder, the external genitalia, therefore, flaking off, fall into the urine. The maximum allowed number is ten cells in women. With the atrophy of the epithelial layer, the prolonged intake of androgen preparations, in the old age, there are no epithelial cells.

In the case of weakened immunity or disorder of the menstrual cycle, according to the results of laboratory studies, 3 or more cells of the flat epithelium are often detected.

If a flat epithelium in the urine is detected and the norm in women is exceeded, this indicates the presence of inflammatory processes in the female body.

Diseases

Cystitis affects mainly the female population due to the special structure of the genito-urinary organs. In the inflammatory process of the urinary bladder mucosa, the cells intensively exfoliate and enter the urine, thus, pathological processes in the human body contribute to the appearance of a large number of epithelium in the urine.

Symptoms of the disease:

• Frequent urge to urinate, while the amount of secreted urine is minimal;
• Urine of a murky color;
• Unpleasant sensations in the process of urination: smell, burning and pain;
• Severe acute pain in the lower abdomen;
• Possibly the presence of blood in urine.

When a cystitis is detected, the doctor prescribes medication. After treatment, a referral for a repeated urinalysis is prescribed. The epithelium is flat after the effective therapy comes back to normal.

IgA-nephropathy, or Berger's disease - is a pathology in which immunoglobulin A accumulates in the kidneys and leads to a disruption of their normal function due to the development of the inflammatory process. The disease develops very slowly, for years. Manifestations of the disease at the initial stages are invisible. Diagnose it when a significant number of proteins, red blood cells and epithelial cells are found.

Epithelial cells in children

A small child had a flat epithelium in the urine, what does it mean? In fact, there is no cause for concern. Having them in the urine of a newborn is the norm. During the first months of the baby's life, the urinary system adapts, and after a certain period the level of the epithelial cells decreases until they are completely absent.

When revealing in the analysis of epithelial cells after child's performance of the year, one can assume inflammation in the body. The doctor-nephrologist is assigned a repeated analysis of urine and other necessary examinations for the establishment of an accurate diagnosis and prescription of drug therapy.

The epithelium is flat in the urine during pregnancy

The organism of a woman during pregnancy is susceptible to various infections and diseases. In order to monitor the health of future mothers, during the entire pregnancy period they are assigned the necessary types of laboratory tests, including urinalysis. Analyzing the results, pay attention to the content of the epithelium, since its presence in the urine of pregnant women can serve as a signal about the inflammatory process in the urinary system. Kidney epithelium should not be in the urine of expectant mothers. Transitional - allowed in an amount not more than one cell, and flat - no more than five pieces are allowed.

What to do with increased epithelium in urine?

The amount of flat epithelium in urine is too high. The norm in women ranges from 0 to 10 cells, their excess suggests an inflammatory process. A woman is recommended to contact a urologist or gynecologist. Usually appoint additional types of examinations: ultrasound diagnosis of pelvic organs, gynecological smear.

In conclusion, it should be noted that the detection or absence of epithelial cells in urine studies is one of the factors helping to assess a person's condition. The female population is advised to monitor their health and immediately contact a doctor if a flat epithelium is found in the urine. The norm in women should not be exceeded.