The language of any people is something alive, constantly developing, renewing and having its own laws. Regardless of whether the person knows these laws or not, his speech (written and oral) is subject to them. In this case, immutable rules do not mean spelling or punctuation, but the organization of the language, then, as a person chooses a way of expressing one's thoughts. In Russian there are only three functionally-semantic types of speech: narrative, description, reasoning.
Types of Speech
People do not even notice that when they talk, depending on the purpose of their statement, they narrate, describe or reason. Although most can not explain, for example, what a narrative is. Each of these types of speech has characteristic signs, which are especially important when writing texts and books. This will help to correctly, easily and logically express your thoughts, as well as make understanding easier for others. With the help of the description, a person, an object or a phenomenon is represented verbally. You can describe anything you like, it is important to reveal the main signs, so that the reader or the listener could clearly, voluminously and accurately present the picture. If the description of a person does not say anything about his age, height, hair color, and only given an indication of a smile and eyes, then such a text will not be a description, and it is unlikely that the author will convey his idea to the reader. It should also be understood that when describing the room, it is important to show the volume and character of the space, and not just to mention the two old chairs. With the help of reasoning, a certain thought is explained, stated and confirmed. This type of speech has its own composition: first a thesis is put forward (what is proved or refuted), then arguments are given with examples, and in conclusion a conclusion is drawn. If you do not follow this plan, then the reasoning will fall into separate incoherent sentences. Let's talk more about what this narrative is.
Not just a set of proposals
The narrative is telling, reporting on an event, observing a temporal sequence. This means that the actions in the story must follow one after another, and the narrative itself must correspond to the plan: the plot (as the event began), the development (as the event took place), and the denouement (than the event ended). You can narrate from a third person (this is called the author's narrative) and from the first person (this is indicated by the personal pronoun "I" in the text). In fiction, the first person narrative is most often found in autobiographical works. To study narrative techniques in literary texts there is narratology - a branch of science that studies narrative techniques of authors, and also that such a narration is an artistic representation of reality.
Features of narration
Any narrative text tells a story. Despite the fact that events must follow one after another, during the presentation of their essence they can change places, the story can also describe the past or contain a forecast for the future. All these techniques do not violate the type of narrative, they are attracted by the author to expand the picture of what is happening and to better understand it. That is, an event that has occurred for several months, the author can be told in such a way that the reader will be aware and understand not only the facts of this time interval, but the whole life of the heroes of the work, all of its main events in the right sequence. It should be noted that such a narrative includes a combination of times that creates movement and sets the rhythm to the narrative, for example: scene, pause, ellipsis, summary.