The inhabitant of our planet Earth often seems calm and contemplative. Sometimes even an impression of stability and immobility is created. Deeper looks at phenomena and objects British scientist Stephen Hawking. "The History of Time" - two of his best-sellers friendlessly and simply (without formulas) introduce readers to the fundamental theses of astrophysics and quantum physics.
At the beginning of the book, having read about the Earth as a tower mounted on turtles (ironically), we see at its end a different picture: a giant ball rotating around an axis at a dizzying speed of 1,500 km / h and orbiting the Sun At a speed of 100,000 km / h. And all this results in a non-linear, volatile space and time!
Book 1. "A Brief History of Time"
In 1988, the Brief History of Time was published. Stephen Hawking, its author, acquaints the most diverse readers with the views of modern astrophysics on the universe. He managed to awaken the imagination of people, to interest them.
Is time real? What global processes are driving the universe? Are the past and the future connected? Gradually, in the three semantic parts of the book he writes: first - about astrophysical views to the theory of Einstein, then - generalizations in the mainstream of Einstein's general theory, and finally - microtheory, namely, quantum mechanics.
Gradually, his book "The Shortest History of Time" increases its level of abstraction. Stephen Hawking, however, stands the popular style, necessary for understanding by the reader-layman. They are given a clear explanation of things unusual for our life: the curvature of space, the curvature of the rays of light, the expanding universe. Thoughts of the scientist are original, and at the same time - understandable. He consistently leads us to the conclusion that the universe exists and evolves according to the principle of the arrow of time (the direction of development that ensures a constant increase in entropy).
Book 2. "The Shortest History of Time"
In 2005, scientists wrote a new work - "The Shortest History of Time". Stephen Hawking in this capacious and exciting book also talks about the "mechanism of the universe."
Was it a trivial sequel? No! After all, literally on the eve, in 2004, its author made a revolution in astrophysics, changing the principles of the basic theory of "black holes" (extinct stars, compressed to the extreme degree - singularity). Therefore, the model of the world represented by the scientist has also changed. The chapter on the Big Bang, black holes, and the evolution of the universe is described in a new way, compared with the previous book . The very structure of a black hole is shown in another way by "The Shortest History of Time". (Stephen Hawking has proved by mathematical equations that the horizon of black hole events is much wider and he has entropy manifested in radiation.) The presentation of the material not only included the ideas of the previous book, but also substantially enriched the theory of the origin of the universe, the interrelationship of space and time. Here one can find a generalization of scientific experiments using the COBE satellite and the Hubble Space Telescope. It is quite understandable to disclose the "string theory", whose value is assumed in an extremely broad generalization: to characterize all elementary particles at once. At an understandable level, the latest conclusions of mathematical modeling (the principle of particle-wave dualism) are shown.
conclusions
Who is he - Stephen Hawking? Professor of Astrophysics, father of three children. His theory of black holes became a breakthrough in quantum physics. Venerable pundits consider him "number one" in this area. And Stephen Hawking has been practically immobilized for more than 20 years. And amyotrophic sclerosis is constantly progressing. In addition, due to a complication after the inflammation of the lungs, a part of the trachea is removed from him, which completely deprives the scientist of the opportunity to speak. He goes to Cambridge in a wheelchair with batteries. His brain is powerful and systemic. Using sensitive sensors using a computer, the professor dials phrases, which are then voiced by the speech synthesizer built into the chair . All his life, these are thoughts that are intangible to others, but deciphered by a computer, and their bright expression is the book "The Shortest History of Time". Stephen Hawking is one of the most respected people in Britain. More precisely, he is the third, after the world champion in rugby Wilkinson and football player Beckham. The courage and intellect of this person really cause admiration.