The deepest place on Earth is the Mariana Trench

Its name is the deepest place in the world received because of the Mariana Islands, which are nearby. It is a deep-sea oceanic trough located in the Pacific Ocean, in its western part. The deepest place on earth reaches 10911 meters, its length is about 2500 kilometers, and the width is about 80 kilometers. Its slopes are very steep, their angle of inclination is about 8 degrees on average. The bottom is divided into several sections by rapids. Interestingly, the pressure at a depth of about eleven kilometers reaches 109 megapascals, which is more than 1090 times the normal atmospheric pressure.

The first to dare to explore the deepest place on earth was the British explorers. English oceanologists conducted their work on the restructured military three-masted Corvette "Challenger" in 1875. The warship was converted into a sailing research vessel for biological, meteorological and hydrological works. Then the depth of the sea cavity was determined with the help of a deep-water lot at 8,367 meters. However, the first more accurate information on the depth of the Mariana Trench was obtained only in 1951. According to the measurements made, the deepest place on earth Was declared equal to 10 863 meters. After that, the Mariana Trench became known as the "Challenger's Abyss". The next to explore the Mariana Trench scientists of the Soviet Union. In 1957, our oceanologists studied the Mariana Trench. The result of measuring the maximum depth of the cavity was 11 022 meters. In addition, during this expedition the existence of life at depths of more than seven kilometers was established. Thus, the idea that life in the ocean at a depth of more than 6-7 kilometers was impossible was disproved at the time. The expedition was then headed by Alexei Dmitrievich Dobrovolsky, a well-known Soviet oceanologist. This was his third expedition on the "Vityaz" as its leader. In 1992, the "Vityaz" was transferred to the newly formed World Ocean Museum. Almost two years the ship was repaired at the factory, and in July 1994 it was parked in the marine museum of the city of Kaliningrad.

The deepest place on earth was first seen in the world by Don Walsh, an American Navy officer, and Jacques Picard, a well-known oceanographic researcher from Switzerland, on January 23, 1960. They were drowned in an armored bathyscaphe "Trieste". According to the testimony of the instruments installed on its board, Walsh and Picard descended to a level of 10,917 meters. The time of the dive was about five hours, and the ascent - about three hours, the same time, carried out by the testers directly on the bottom, was only 12 minutes. However, this short time was enough for them to make a sensational scientific discovery: they found flatfish-like flat fish about 30 centimeters in size there.

Well-known Canadian director and screenwriter James Cameron in March 2012 on the new single-seater deepwater reached the bottom of the Mariinsky Gutter and thus became the third person in the world to have visited the bottom of the Mariinsky Basin and was the first to do it alone. He descended into the abyss for more than two and a half hours, stayed there for about three hours and rose to the surface of the ocean for a little over an hour - 70 minutes.

Japanese oceanologists in 2005 discovered in the Mariana Trench thirteen species of unicellular organisms unknown before science. Modern deep-sea instruments have repeatedly recorded at the world's largest depth movement of bodies unknown to the science of marine animals.

Later, the distance from the surface of the ocean to the bottom of the depression was constantly refined. The most accurate studies are those conducted in 1997 by Japanese scientists. They showed that the depth of the Mariana Trench is 10 911.4 meters.