Temperature regimes. Rate of temperature in the apartment

Comfortable air temperature in the room depends on the feelings of a particular person. In addition, it is directly related to its subjective assessment and susceptibility to environmental conditions.

There is no such thing as a comfortable temperature in any normative documentation. There is also no technical vocabulary. There is only the so-called magnitude of the optimal air temperature, which was determined with the help of numerous physiological experiments.

Differences between concepts

The temperature of the air in the room should be at a level to provide the most comfortable conditions for people staying there. But what should this value be? To answer this question is extremely difficult, because each person is individual. And if one of us is comfortable even in the heat, others do not close the windows in the frosty days.

However, scientists came to the conclusion that these or those preferences are a criterion only for the concept of a comfortable temperature regime. But there are also standards, determined as a result of research. The values obtained take into account a multitude of factors, among which are the needs of the average human body. Such values indicate the optimum temperature and can be different depending on various conditions.

It is very important to take into account the normative indices in the room. After all, according to scientists, any overheating or hypothermia certainly affects the performance of a person and his general health. That is why the optimal air temperature in the room is not recommendatory. They are fixed in official legislative acts - SanPiNs, which reflect the requirements of sanitary standards.

What affects the temperature of the air in the room?

Of course, first of all, these are external factors that depend on the time of year and the climatic zone in which the house is located. But, in addition, the air temperature in the room is directly related to the features of each of the rooms. Let's consider these factors in more detail.

The subtleties of climate

The temperature conditions in the room vary depending on the area. They are different in the northern and southern, as well as in the western and eastern regions. The temperature norm in an apartment or in a production room is dependent on factors such as air humidity, its temperature and atmospheric pressure, measured outside the building walls.

There are differences in the microclimate in the houses and depending on the season change. So, in winter the air temperature in the premises is lower than in summer. For example, for the climate of the European continent in the cold periods of the year, the average optimum air temperature in the room is at 22 degrees. In the hot season its values increase by three degrees.

Human factor

Temperature regimes in an apartment should provide maximum comfort for the people living in it. However, as already mentioned above, such feelings are strictly individual. People of different sex and age perceive the same temperature in different ways.

For example, women are more thermophilic than men. But newborn children do not have the capacity for natural thermoregulation and can quickly overheat or freeze.

Room temperature

The microclimate of different rooms varies depending on their destination. Consider the temperature conditions in the rooms of a house or apartment:

1. Premises for sleeping and rest. Here, the optimum air temperature should be at the level of 18 degrees. It is in such conditions that a person gets rid of bad health and insomnia.
2. Bathroom. In this room, the air temperature should not be below 25 degrees. This is due to the humid microclimate of the room and its purpose. At low temperatures, a feeling of dampness and discomfort immediately arises here.
3. Kitchen. In this room, many household appliances emitting heat are used. It is an electric kettle and a microwave oven, an oven and a hob. In this regard, the heat in the kitchen will be inappropriate.
4. Comfort in the living rooms and other rooms will provide temperature conditions, ranging from 19 to 21 degrees.

However, one important rule must be adhered to. According to him, the temperature regime in an apartment should not have large differences. Ideally, when changing from one room to another, the difference in the indications of the thermometer column should not be more than 2 degrees.

The state of health of a person

Despite personal preferences, the temperature norm in the apartment should still be respected. Particularly relevant this issue becomes a cold winter and hot summer. It is during this period, you can observe significant differences between the temperature of the air in the house and on the street. If the temperature conditions are not met, then this microclimate will lead either to overheating or to a supercooling of the body. And this, in turn, is fraught with the appearance of cardiological problems.

The effect of overheating on health

If the room created a too hot atmosphere, then it provokes the spread of harmful bacteria for the body. Therefore, it is not surprising that infectious diseases occur in people living in such a room. In addition, the heat loss of the body.

This leads to a thickening of the blood, which causes the heart to work with a heavy load. This condition is dangerous for those who suffer from cardiac problems. In addition, the loss of moisture by the body leads to a water-electrolyte imbalance.

Influence of supercooling

A similar state is possible if the apartment does not comply with temperature conditions and the thermometer's column falls below the 17 degree mark. What then happens to the human body? It enhances heat transfer, which causes hypothermia. This condition provokes pathologies of the nervous system and the emergence of acute respiratory diseases. Low temperature is especially dangerous for young children. That is why compliance with the temperature regime is important if there are babies in the house.

Sometimes it happens that the person is always cold even in those microclimate conditions that must be created in accordance with sanitary and hygienic requirements. It's worth thinking about seriously. Perhaps, discomfort is caused by a simple habit of high temperature. In this case, you need to be patient and adjust to a normal feeling of lower figures. But here there are some nuances. The constant sensation of cold is sometimes a consequence of problems with blood vessels, heart or hormonal background. And this calls for a specialist.

Requirements for the premises of the kindergarten

The microclimate in the premises of preschool institutions should be created in strict accordance with the norms of the legislation. The temperature regime in kindergartens should not depend on the wishes of the administration or the parents of the kids. Moreover, all indications in the SanPiN are developed on the basis of numerous scientific studies and are designed to ensure a minimum incidence of children.

So, according to this document, the optimal temperature of the playing room should be in the range from 21 to 24 degrees. Moreover, the upper values of this indicator should be maintained for nursery groups or for those areas that are in the cold climate zone. For children's bedrooms, the optimum temperature is somewhat lower. It is within 18-21 degrees.

Requirements for school premises

The optimum temperature in this institution is necessary to preserve the health of children. And the microclimate in the school is directly dependent on the purpose of the premises. So, the thermometer column can be at the level of 18 to 24 degrees in the library and lobby, dining room and assembly hall, in classrooms, as well as in small rooms where a psychologist or speech therapist holds individual lessons with children.

A little colder should be in the workshops. In these rooms, where children are engaged in manual labor, the thermometer should be at the level of 17-20 degrees. The same norm exists for a sports hall. If the school has showers, then they should warm up to 22-25 degrees. But in the medical offices and sports locker rooms, the thermometer can be at lower levels. Their required by the standards value ranges from 20 to 22 degrees.

The temperature regime in the school is allowed to decrease during the holidays. During this period, when children do not attend the educational institution, the air here can be heated up to 15 degrees.

Requirements for working premises

The optimum temperature regime in production workshops or office rooms is the key to maintaining the health of employees. In addition, the optimal temperature regime in the room where this or that work is performed is clearly regulated by law. But it should be borne in mind that the standards provide for different indicators. What do they depend on? From the category of premises. There are only three of them, and the differences between them lie in the intensity of the work being done.

First category

The optimum temperature mode of operation in such rooms is in the range of 21-28 degrees. These are facilities where employees perform their duties in a sitting position and have minor physical exertion. Such premises include watch and sewing production, as well as shops of automobile and instrument making enterprises. The intensity of energy consumption of workers producing similar products does not exceed 139 W. In this category, a separate subgroup is distinguished. It includes production, where employees give more energy in their work (up to 174 W). The optimal temperature regimes for such industries are the limits starting at 20 degrees.

Second category

The production allocated to this group requires a large amount of energy from its employees (up to 232 W). In this case it is assumed that the employee is in a sitting position, but at the same time he moves various loads, weighing up to 1 kg. The optimum temperature regime for such plants is between 18 and 27 degrees. If the employee at such work moves loads up to 10 kg, then his energy costs will be 290 Watts. In this case, the lower limit of the standard values of the temperature regime can be reduced to 16 degrees.

Similar conditions are created in the premises of rolling, thermal, mechanized and forging industries, as well as in the workplaces of personnel serving conveyors, assembly shops and lines.

Third category

In some industries, the energy consumption of an employee exceeds 290 watts. In such cases, we are talking about the third category of premises, which are most demanding for the microclimate created in them. This is due to the fact that the personnel involved in the production process have to make great physical efforts, walk and move weights of more than 10 kg. The most favorable temperature regime for this category of premises is the temperature from 15 to 26 degrees. As a rule, these are workshops or workshops, where manual operations on metal processing, preparation of building structures, etc. are performed.

Implementation of sanitary and hygienic standards

To ensure that the requirements for establishing a beneficial microclimate have been met, it is necessary to keep a log of the temperature regime. In it should be recorded the indications of special devices used in the conditions of offices and productions. The frequency of such measurements depends on the continuity of the working processes and the characteristics of sanitary and hygiene provision. As a rule, such events are held three times during the working shift.

If the necessary temperature regime is not observed, a number of measures will be required to eliminate the causes that lead to this. These may include work on the thermal insulation of the premises, as well as heating and ventilation. If it is impossible to carry out such events, a rest room should be organized in a separate room, the microclimate of which will be comfortable for the staff.