Tachograph - what is this device? Installation of the tachograph and the law on its application

At numerous motoring forums and such kind of resources, the name of such an unknown device, like a tachograph, more often pops up. What it is, what functions the device performs and why to install it, you can find out by reading the relevant documentation.

Tachograph - what is it? Brief information about the device

What do you need to know first? First of all it is necessary to answer the question: Automotive tachograph - what is it? What does this device do, and why is it needed if there is a standard speedometer?

A tachograph is a control on-board measuring device that ensures compliance with the requirements regulated by the AETR (European Agreement, which regulates the operation of vehicles).

The device is designed for continuous indication and simultaneous registration of such indicators as time, speed of the car, mileage mileage, schedule of work (periods of rest and labor) of drivers.

A short answer to the question about the tachograph: what it is, will be a comparison of the device with the so-called black box in the aircraft. More precise information can be obtained by a detailed examination of the functions and characteristics of the device.

What does the tachograph set?

Install the tachograph is not a problem. Depending on the size of the device can be placed in the nest under the speedometer or car stereo.

Daily recording of information can serve for the following purposes:

• Accurate recording mileage mileage and speed. It's no secret that when calculating values, standard speedometers rely on their program, which does not always correspond to exact values. In calculating, the effective circumference of the wheel (how much it passes for a full revolution) is taken into account, which makes it possible to fairly accurately determine how many turns are made per kilometer of the path. The regular speedometer performs the calculations a little differently, and the end result can differ substantially.
• Resolution of disputable situations. Not just an incontrovertible proof is information, for which the block of the CCD of the tachograph answers. What it is? Encrypted data that can not be falsified. The information will help to prove to the driver his rightness to the employees of road patrols and to defend their interests in case of an accident.
• Accounting records keeping. Data obtained from tachographs or electronic tachographs provide clear information about the work of personnel. It is possible to calculate up to a minute the time of work and rest of the driver, which helps in assessing the efficiency of personnel or for calculating the earned funds in the enterprise.
• Organization of work of the enterprise. Since the data provided by the tachograph can not be falsified, certain aspects of the activities of enterprises can be clearly structured. Thus, the requirements for the maintenance of vehicles indicate that the inspection should take place no less than every 10 thousand km. The indicators of the tachograph can not be "wound up" in any way, or by another way, shift the frequency of inspections.

• Security guarantees. One of the AETR points is that each driver should carry tachographs with him over the last 28 days. With the help of the device, you can record any movement of vehicles, which significantly reduces the risk of unforeseen situations or helps you to understand them thoroughly.
• Implementation of additional functions. Asking: "Tachograph - what is this?" - First of all drivers want to learn about the practical application of the device. In addition to its direct functions, the device can be used as a speed limiter or for switching on / switching the modes of the equipment at specified speeds.

The above is not a complete list of tasks that help solve tachographs. The law prescribes the installation of equipment on virtually any transport that carries out passenger and cargo flights in order to be able to monitor the situation on the roads.

Features of the tachograph

Indeed, what are they? Having decided to install a tachograph, it is necessary to consider the main features. Namely - the design of the device, its components and main elements. It is necessary to supplement the answer to the question: the block of the CCD of the tachograph - what is it, and what is this part responsible for.

The main "hobby" of the measuring device is the presence of nonvolatile memory, due to which the data recording is carried out in real time mode, and the received information can be stored for years. In this case, the probability of unauthorized access to the memory elements of the device is reduced to almost zero.

To obtain the recorded information, you must have 4 special keys or smart cards. The latter include the following types of cards:

• Driving - to store data regarding the movements of a particular driver for the last year.
• A car dealer's card or a workshop is for setting up a tachograph, making changes to its functionality.
• The map of the company or company - for storing and reading all kinds of information about upcoming and completed flights, about other data relating to the cars of a particular enterprise. Among other things, smart cards of this type are designed to exclude the dissemination of company information.
• Inspector - to read information from the driver's cards. Allows you to familiarize yourself with all the violations that occurred in the reporting period (speed, schedule). Helps to eliminate or eliminate malfunctions in the operation of the equipment (power interruptions, incorrect operation of sensors).

In search of an answer to the question: tachograph with CCD, what is it, it is safe to say that this device is intended not only for fixing the main indicators, but also for reliable storage of information.

Selecting a tachograph model

Not every digital device, not to mention analog (switch), is suitable for clear standards put forward to devices within the framework of the AETR project.

Appropriate certificates have been received by a few manufacturers, among which are European developers and domestic enterprises:

• VDO trademark and Continental Automotive GmbH;
• Products of Stoneridge Electronics;
• Advanced novelties EFKON AG;
• Accurate ACTIA devices;
• Technology "Incotex" (model "Mercury TA-001" and above);
• Devices "SHTRICH" SM 10042.00.00-13 and SM 100.42.00.00.14;
• KZTA (tachograph "KASBI DT-20M");
• ZAO "Izmeritel-Auto" (tachograph "TCA-02NK");
• Company "ATOL" (tachograph Drive 5);
• OOO "INTELLIC RUS" (tachograph "EFAS V2 RUS).

Before deciding what type of tachograph to install, it is not out of place to get acquainted with the register of FBU Rosavtotrans. There you can find a complete list of models of equipment allowed for use in Russia.

When should tachographs be installed?

First of all, the devices should be installed on auto companies engaged in various types of commercial transportation. There is a whole list of vehicles, in the instrument panel of which it is necessary to mount tachographs. Laws prescribe the installation of devices for buses and other modes of transport, based on the number of seats, the maximum weight and type of transported content.

Whether you need to tachograph or not, you can understand by the following criteria:

• Number of passenger seats. If the number of seats without taking into account the driver's license is more than eight, then you can not do without installing the device. This classification of vehicles includes any auto categories M2 and M3.
• Tonnage of the vehicle. Installation of the device is considered compulsory for any vehicle with a weight of more than 3.5 tons. All auto categories N2 and N3 can be assigned to this classification.
• When transporting dangerous goods (explosive or active chemical compounds).

These conditions are valid only for commercial transport, for which tachographs should be installed. Rules have many points and exceptions, and to be sure for sure, they should be carefully re-read.

In what cases should you be afraid of fines?

The main normative document on which to rely in this case is Federal Law No. 196 with subsequent amendments. It deals with the safety of traffic on the roads, the methodological base is described, which allows achieving optimal indicators.

Since April 1, 2013, legal entities and private entrepreneurs are responsible not only in the absence of equipment, but also if it does not comply with its existing standards. For example, a penalty is provided for identifying a malfunction, overdue maintenance, or because the driver does not comply with the working and rest regime (workday - no more than 8 hours, continuous driving - no more than 4 hours).

At the same time, fines for drivers and management vary considerably. If in the first case it is about 1-3 thousand rubles, then in the second case, the penalties are much higher - 5-10 thousand rubles.

Do not forget about the list of faults for which the material penalty is threatened. For a broken tachograph you can pay not only with the removal from the state. Number of the vehicle, but also by placing the car on the parking lot (in case of transportation of especially dangerous substances).

Maintenance and adjustment of digital tachographs

After the question "Tachograph - what is this?" Examined by us from all sides, the operation of the device does not begin to seem less complicated. Even the installation of the device itself becomes an almost irresolvable task for car owners.

In the event of any complex vehicle repair, additional verification of the accuracy of the control device shall be carried out. Verifications have a certain periodicity, but can be carried out with any suspicion of malfunctioning equipment.

Many other forums often ask one more question: calibration of the tachograph - what is it? It would be superfluous to find out also why this procedure is needed and from what stages it consists.

Causes of instrument settings

The calibration of tachographs, sometimes called calibration, and sometimes by adjustment, calibration or verification, is not only performed after their direct installation. The main task of this procedure is to make the device's readings as accurate as possible. In this case, it is necessary not only to take into account all possible errors, but also to take the correction for the numerous factors that cause deviations (installation features, external causes).

In this case, the device must accurately record the performance of a particular vehicle, and therefore, it is necessary to synchronize and adjust the parameters.

Cases in which verification is necessary

Tachograph calibration is necessary in several cases. If the surveys are not conducted in time, the device may show incorrect values, and possible deviations from the norm will be gradually worsened.

The control device must be checked in the following cases:

• After the initial installation. This procedure is carried out after the receipt of the registration number. It provides an opportunity to verify the operability of the device and the accuracy of the obtained indicators.
• After reinstallation. If the device was transferred from one car to another, it is necessary to adjust it for the design features of the new car.
• In the case of replacing the registration number of a particular vehicle. In this case, the procedure is, rather, a formal one.
• After repairing the tachograph itself, connecting points or mounting new sensors. Verification will make it possible to verify that the recorded readings are correct.
• In the absence of special seals and tags. Sealing makes it possible to secure all the nodes involved in data manipulation, and the tag carries information about the parameters of the device. Without these data, the device can not be considered as efficient as possible.
• When changing the value of the coefficient of motor transport. This value is responsible for the magnitude of the output signal between the vehicle elements and the monitoring device.
• If the effective wheel circumference is changed or when tires are replaced. The procedure is necessary for accurate calculation of mileage and speed of transport.
• If the exact time rushes or lags for 20 minutes or more.
• After two years after the last inspection.

Timely inspections of equipment provide an opportunity to ensure the safety of the driver on the road, otherwise not only the risk of unforeseen situations increases, but also the possibility of material penalties.

Summary results

You can try to answer the question: Automotive tachograph - what is it, from several sides. The device should be installed on commercial vehicles of large dimensions.

The device makes it possible to provide the necessary level of security, which is not hard to believe, considering how difficult (almost impossible) to distort the tachograph's records.

The contrast can be felt more strongly if we compare modern digital equipment with a somewhat outdated analog.

True, the owners of switch devices will (if not yet have to) change unreliable devices.

Experts argue that controlling speed and mileage is not at all the main function of the device. Particular importance is given to the ability of tachographs to monitor the routine of drivers.

In this regard, some truckers' tales can stay far in the past - no falling asleep at the wheel and traveling to a counter just can not be under the strict supervision of the device.

It remains only to hope that the rules governing the work with this type of equipment will become more flexible. It is too strict there is prescribed every item, starting with the choice of models and manufacturers. After reading ND, you can fully answer the question, tachograph - what is it (photo devices can be seen in this article).