Structure and composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - description, history and interesting facts

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation include various forces (missile, land, aerospace, etc.), and all together they represent an organization for organizing the defense of the country. Their main task is to repel aggression and protect the territorial integrity of the state, but recently the tasks have slightly changed.

Today the tasks of the personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation can be divided into 4 directions:

1. Deterring not only military, but also political threats to security.
2. Implementation of force operations in non-military time.
3. Ensuring political and economic interests of the state.
4. Use of force to ensure security.

At lessons OBZH the composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is studied in 10-11 grades. Therefore, this information should be known to all citizens of the Russian Federation.

A bit of history

The modern composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is indebted to history. It was formed depending on possible acts of aggression against the state. The most significant stage in the history of the development of the army is the victory at Kulikovo Field (1380), near Poltava (1709) and, of course, in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.

A permanent army in Russia was formed under Ivan the Terrible. It was he who began to create troops with centralized control and supply. In 1862-1874 the reform was carried out with the introduction of all-union military service, also the principles of leadership were changed, and technical re-equipment was carried out. However, after the revolution in 1917, the army was no more. Instead, the Red Army was formed, and then the Armed Forces of the USSR, which were divided into 3 types: land, air and navy.

Today, the composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation has changed slightly, but the main core has remained the same.

Ground troops

This species is the most numerous. It was created for presence on land and, by and large, ground forces - this is the most important element of the army. It is impossible to seize and retain territories without this kind of troops, to reflect the invasion of the landing, and so on. It was for these purposes that such units were created. In turn, they are divided into the following types:

1. Tank forces.
2. Motorized rifles.
3. Artillery.
4. Missile forces and air defense.
5. Special services.
6. Signal Corps.

The largest personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation includes land forces. This includes all types of military units listed above.

Tank (armored) troops. They represent the main striking force on earth and are an extremely powerful tool for solving problems of first importance.

Motorized rifle troops are units with a large number of personnel and equipment. Their appointment is the independent conduct of military operations on a large territory, although they can act as support in the other arms of the armed forces.

Artillery and missile units always consist of formations, parts of tactical missiles, artillery.

Air Defense - air defense troops, providing protection of land units and rear of attacks from airplanes and other means of attack from the air. Special services perform highly specialized functions.

Military Space Forces

Until 1997, there were air forces, but the Presidential Decree of July 16, 1997 obliged to create a new type of aircraft. Since that time, the composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation has somewhat changed: the Air Force and the space defense units have united. So the Air and Space Forces were formed.

They are engaged in reconnaissance of the aerospace situation, determining the likely beginning of an air or missile attack and alerting the military and public administration bodies about it. Needless to say, the Russian Air Force is designed, in particular, to reflect aggression from the air or from space, even if necessary, with the use of nuclear weapons.

Composition of VCS

Modern VCS of Russia include:

1. Air Force.
2. Space troops.
3. The troops of anti-aircraft and missile defense.
4. Military units of technical support.
5. Troops of communication and EW.
6. Military educational institutions.

For each type of troops there is a range of tasks. Air Force, for example, reflect aggression in the air, hit enemy facilities and troops using conventional and nuclear weapons.

Space forces observe objects in space and identify threats to Russia from the airless space. If necessary, they can parry possible blows. Also, the space forces are assigned to launch spacecraft (satellites) into the Earth's orbit, and control them.

Fleet

The Navy is designed to protect the state from the sea and the ocean, protecting the interests of the country in marine areas. The Navy consists of:

1. Four fleets: the Black Sea, the Baltic, the Pacific and the North.
2. The Caspian Flotilla.
3. Underwater forces, which are designed to destroy enemy boats, strike strikes on surface ships and their groupings, destroy ground targets.
4. Surface forces for strikes on submarines, landing of sea assault, counteraction to surface ships.
5. Naval aviation for the destruction of convoys, underwater flotilla, ship groupings, violation of enemy surveillance systems.
6. Coastal troops, which are assigned the task of protecting the coast and objects on the shore.

Missile forces

The composition and organization of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation also include missile forces, which may contain land, air, water component. The missile forces (RVSN) are primarily intended to destroy the means of a nuclear attack, as well as enemy groupings. In particular, the main objectives of strategic missile forces are the enemy's military bases, industrial facilities, large groupings, control systems, infrastructure facilities, etc.

The main and important property of the Strategic Missile Forces is the ability to accurately strike nuclear weapons at great distances (ideally, anywhere in the world) and simultaneously along all important strategic targets. They are also called upon to create favorable conditions for other branches of the armed forces. If we talk about the organization of the Strategic Missile Forces, they consist of units that are armed with medium-range missiles and parts with intercontinental missiles.

The very first part was formed on July 15, 1946. Already in 1947 the successful first test launch of the R-1 (ballistic) guided missile was made. By 1955, there were already several parts that possessed long-range missiles. But in just two years they conducted an intercontinental test, with several steps. It is noteworthy that it was the first in the world. After testing the intercontinental rocket, it became possible to create a new kind of troops-strategic. This logical step followed, and in 1960 another type of Armed Forces was established-the Strategic Missile Forces.

Long-range or strategic aviation

We have already talked about VCS, but we have not touched such a kind of troops as long-range aviation . He deserves a separate chapter. The structure and composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation include strategic bombers. It is noteworthy that they exist only in two countries - the US and Russia. Together with intercontinental missiles and submarine missile carriers, strategic bombers are part of the nuclear triad and are primarily responsible for the security of the state.

The composition and tasks of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, in particular long-range aviation, is to bombard important military-industrial facilities in the enemy's rear, destroy its infrastructure and large concentrations of troops and military bases. The objectives of these aircraft are power plants, plants, bridges, and entire cities.

Such planes are called strategic bombers because of the possibility to make intercontinental flights and to use nuclear weapons. Some types of aircraft can use it, but are unable to make intercontinental flights. They are called long-range bombers.

A few words about TU-160 - "White Swan"

Speaking of long-range aviation, we can not fail to mention the TU-160 rocket carrier with variable geometry of the wing. In history, it is the largest, most powerful and heaviest supersonic aircraft. Its feature is a swept wing. Among the existing strategic bombers, he has the largest take-off mass and combat load. The pilots gave him the nickname "White Swan".

Armament of the TU-160

The aircraft is capable of carrying up to 40 tons of weapons, including various types of guided missiles, free-fall bombs and nuclear weapons. Bombs of the "White Swan" bear the unspoken title of "second-line weapons," that is, it is intended for the destruction of targets that were preserved after a missile strike. His huge arsenal is able to carry a TU-160 aircraft, because of which its strategic status is fully justified.

In total, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation include 76 similar bombers. But this information is constantly changing due to the cancellation of old aircraft and the receipt of new ones.

We described the main points concerning the appointment and composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, but in fact the armed forces are an extremely complex structure that is understood only from within by specialists directly related to it.