State social insurance is ...

We all work. But someone may lose the opportunity to earn a living by honest work. To facilitate the fate of such people, and was invented state social insurance.

general information

Why was social insurance created at all? This is necessary in order to provide financial assistance to individuals that have agreed to this mechanism in the event of occurrence of the foreseen risks. The insured are obliged to make timely payments for this case. When an insured event occurs, a person should apply to the Sotsstrakh fund and document the fact that he has the right to receive money from the state. This is another way to ensure socially people who are in labor relations with employers. And who offers state social insurance? In this case, three organizations can help:

1. Social Insurance Fund. This option will be optimal if there is a threat of suffering in production.
2. Pension Fund. This option is suitable, if there are plans and confidence that successfully and without incident will get to retire.
3. Fund of compulsory medical insurance. It looks like the first institution, but it is especially suitable for those who after treatment plan to recover and continue working.

Of course, it should be noted that the division within the framework of the article is very conditional and not mandatory. Simply with the specifics of the work will be somewhat easier in the occurrence of a particular insurance event to receive the money due. And so can be chosen institution, which is closest to the house. Although if you are interested in social insurance for temporary disability, then the first option is best.

How it works?

What are the principles of the social insurance system? The most important, according to the stated goals, is the establishment of partnerships. Then there is the formation and use of various trust funds. Also, an important role within the system is assigned to the prevention of social risks. What is important for the functioning of the entire social security mechanism? When social insurance is carried out, this implies the existence of certain funds, from which the financing of needs. And the specifics are such that the funds must cover the available costs, which arise in connection with the fulfillment of the obligations undertaken. In addition, the above-mentioned organizations are interested in increasing the standard of living for different categories of Russian citizens.

Take, for example, social insurance against occupational diseases. This is a real scourge of our time. Almost any person after decades or maybe even years of work has a professional disease. In most cases, it is not diagnosed until old age, but it happens, manifests itself before retirement. Therefore, state organizations are directly interested in keeping a person healthy for as long as possible, because then they will not have to pay him money. For this, a variety of means can be used, ranging from certain restrictions and requirements, to preventive measures for monitoring compliance with rest norms.

Methods and Objectives

So, you now have an idea of what social insurance is. It's good. Now let's consider what kinds of it exist. At the moment in the Russian Federation you can find these types:

1. According to temporary disability.
2. Health insurance.
3. From occupational diseases and accidents at work.
4. Social pension insurance of citizens working at the moment.

This is not all possible means. Voluntary insurance stands apart . People can take part in it, that they independently provide themselves with work. It should also be noted that non-state companies can act as insurers. This has a number of advantages and disadvantages. Concerning the former, we can note a fairly significant level of success in actions (as is confirmed by the example of the United States). But on the other hand - the state is not responsible for the calculations. Therefore, if you run into swindlers, it will be very difficult to return your hard earned money.

Subjects and contributions

The main asset that has social insurance is people. Who is the most interesting? The answer is the subjects, which are the insured persons. They include Russian citizens that they are in labor relations with their employer (which can be commercial companies, individual entrepreneurs and state organizations). That is, the insurers include all those who provide people with work. And what about contributions? About the fact that they go to certain organizations, we know (even what exactly). But how much money is paid? The single social contribution provides for collection from 26.2% and up to 34.5% of wages. Why is there such a significant difference? What is included in these percentages? Initially, the Pension Fund should be mentioned - it accounts for 20%. Another 3.2% goes to social insurance. This money in the future will be spent directly on the person himself. In addition, 2.8% of salary goes to health insurance. This is in case of hospital visits, visits to doctors (for example, a dentist) and so on. In addition, there is still insurance in case of accidents that have been in production. Due to this point, there is such a significant difference that one could see earlier. So, the contribution in this case can fluctuate in the range from 0.2% to 8.5%.

Payment of money

Consider compulsory social insurance in production. Suppose a certain incident arose. In this case, the insured person can expect a certain amount of payments. The final value is calculated as a percentage of the amount of wages. What kind of support model does the Russian Federation have? So, if a person remitted funds for 30 years, he can expect to receive 40% of his salary in the form of pensions. Those people who have officially worked for more than 40 years, claim the figure of 60%. If temporary disability has occurred, a person is entitled to 80% to 90% of the amount of wages. When people become unemployed, they can expect to receive funds in the amount of 50-60%. Certain bonuses are also available when receiving medical care and purchasing medicines. Here the amount of payments depends on where the person is. If he is in the hospital - 100% of all expenses will be paid. For those who are on outpatient care, only 75% of the cost of medicines and medical care is provided. In addition, you can count on financial support in connection with a number of incidents: loss of work, funerals, registration of pregnant women, payment at birth of children and so on. It should be noted that according to the current labor legislation, every citizen of the Russian Federation who is formally formalized must have an understanding of what is state social insurance and actively use it. In production, in the office or in the laboratory - it does not matter where it will work. According to the law, everyone must be protected.

When and how much is the allowance?

Compulsory social insurance against accidents provides for different terms. So, if a person temporarily lost his ability to work, the money will be provided to him from the first day. The end is considered the restoration of working functions or the establishment of a disability by the medical and labor commission. Everything is a little bit different with domestic injuries. It is envisaged that in the case of them the benefits are paid only on the sixth day. True, there are some nuances here. So, if the injury was received as a result of a certain natural disaster (such as an earthquake, a hurricane, a flood or a fire) or as an anatomical defect, monetary assistance is given for all time and is governed by general rules. Social insurance against accidents at work for seasonal and temporary workers provides for the provision of benefits in the event of occupational disease or injury. And it is carried out on general grounds. If we are dealing with temporary incapacity for work, then the deadline in this case is 75 calendar days. Here you can meet with an interesting aspect. So, it is common that temporary disability can occur when the worker is on annual leave. In this case, a person needs to stock up on a sick leave sheet, and he will be given benefits for the entire time of release from activity. True, if you leave without pay, you can not count on anything. Also, one should not rely on payments if temporary incapacity for work is a direct consequence of injuries and diseases that arose as a result of intoxication.

Features

And what to do if a close relative of the employee falls ill? For many, this will be a novelty, but the law provides that the basis for the receipt of a temporary disability allowance is the need to care for a sick family member. At the same time, the situation must meet the following criteria:

1. There must be established the fact that the lack of care has a significant danger to the health or even life of a sick person.
2. There is no way to put a family member in a hospital because of specific testimony.
3. There is no other person other than the employee who could care for the patient. Here an exception can be made for mothers who have a child under 2 years old.

Compulsory social insurance against accidents with such loss of efficiency is provided for a standard period of 3 calendar days. It can be prolonged, but only in exceptional cases, when a family member has a serious illness. But in general, the term should not exceed seven calendar days. Exception here in the case of children. So, if the child has not reached the age of 14 and is sick and still needs care, the term can be 14 calendar days. But this is not the maximum. So, if there is a child under 3 years old (or disabled to 16), then the allowance can be issued for the entire period when he needs care. It should be noted that there is a strong differentiation in the size of payments. The final amount of money depends on the cause of temporary incapacity for work, the number of underage children, the length of continuous work experience, and so on. Also, if a person sustains a personal injury or occupational disease, his benefit will be at the rate of 100% of the salary.

Payments in case of pregnancy and childbirth

Some rules in this case are the same as the general ones. But there are also some peculiarities. So, when a woman is given maternity leave, then payments are made for all days. But this must be confirmed by a sick leave sheet. How many women are given a rest? Before the date of approximate delivery, 70 calendar days are given. But if pregnancy is prolific, then 84 days are given. Also, after the birth itself, in standard situations, women have 70 calendar days. If there was a complicated situation, then this period increases to 86 days. In cases where two or more children were born, 110 calendar days are provided. It should be noted that paid leave is provided in total. In other words, it does not matter how many days were used before delivery. All unpracted it will be possible to take a walk later, if this word generally comes to mothers. It should be noted that our state is concerned that people receive about 100% of their wages. But if a woman was suspended from her position at the time of pregnancy and childbirth, the allowance is not paid.

As you can see, there are a lot of different aspects. Also, if a miscarriage occurs after the 196th day of pregnancy, the woman will still receive benefits. In addition, a number of other types of material assistance should not be overlooked. So, you can receive a lump sum at the birth of a child, as well as to care for him until he reaches the age of 1.5 years. These payments are not provided if the fetus was stillborn. The mother of the child has the priority of receiving benefits. But if she died, it is given to the father or to another person who is engaged in the actual upbringing of the baby. True, for this it is necessary to write a written statement.

Assignment and payment

As you can see, many people are grateful to compulsory social insurance in case of temporary disability, since in such a responsible and serious business, any ruble is in the account. Therefore, if a person can claim payments, it is necessary to know who appoints them and where they are received. As a rule, this is done at the place of work. The social insurance commission of the trade union committee of the enterprise is engaged in this. But maybe there's something that does not exist. In this case, benefits will be appointed directly by the trade union committee. And what to do when working in small enterprises where this organization does not exist? In this case, the trade union organizer and the insurance delegate can help. When the allowance was appointed, the payment is made by the administration of the enterprise at the expense of contributions for social insurance. That's so simple. It should be noted that this designation scheme also works when a person's disability occurred while he was outside the territory of the enterprise.

As an example, you can cite the previously considered vacation or business trip. In spite of the fact that separate days are considered, the payment is made directly together with wages. Although there are nuances about the birth and the pregnancy preceding them. In such cases, the allowance is paid once (all at once). To receive a lump sum payment on the child at his birth, the parent must have a certificate issued by the registry office. The same applies to payments for burial. All that has been credited, but not paid, must be transferred to the employee within the terms that are established to pay unpaid wages. It should also be borne in mind that if the amount of the benefit has been excessively increased due to arithmetical error or abuse, it will subsequently be withheld.

Conclusion

State social insurance is an extremely useful tool for the stabilization of society and the maintenance of its individual members. This mechanism allows people to look more confidently at their future. And this, in turn, implies that a person works better and there is less tension in society. Although the existing system is not without its shortcomings. But the question of improvement over time is still solved. At the same time, you should not stand aside when there is an established fact of abuse of one's capabilities. And it does not matter who and what violates a state organization or a private entrepreneur. It is always necessary to strive to ensure that human rights and the existing social contract are not violated. And already tracking this lies on us - ordinary citizens.