State financial system

The state financial system and its structure is a complex of organizations that provide money circulation within a certain country. This complex includes several components.

The financial system contains:

- a state subsystem that provides an inflow to the budget, as well as spending money;

- a banking subsystem containing institutions that provide investments, loans, settlements, operations with money;

- Subsystem of circulation of securities in the country, which serves to attract money in secondary securities markets.

Managing society, the state includes a number of spheres: religious, social, political, economic and others.

At the heart of the economic structure are certain relationships. Four subjects participate in them: a citizen, an economic entity, a region and a state. Each participant has his own rights, as well as his duties. Forming relationships among themselves, the subjects form the commodity-money sphere. As a result of these relations, the financial system of the state emerges.

In the Russian Federation, this complex consists of four elements. Each component performs certain tasks. The financial system of the Russian Federation includes the finances of citizens and business entities, national and territorial funds.

State-wide funds fulfill the task of concentrating resources at the disposal of the country's administrative apparatus and directing them to meet their respective needs. These resources are formed at the expense of taxes, state duties, fees, amounts received when buying out state enterprises and others. As part of the national finances is state insurance, lending, the federal budget, as well as extra-budgetary federal funds.

Territorial funds perform the same functions as national ones, but in accordance with the administrative-territorial formation located on self-government. The structure of this complex includes relevant budgets and extra-budgetary funds. These resources are formed due to fines, fees, taxes, lotteries, local loans and other.

The financial system of the state includes the funds of economic entities. They constitute the main link of the entire complex and perform the functions of forming and applying their funds.

The international financial system is considered a historically established form, according to which the organization of monetary relations between countries takes place. This form is fixed by a definite arrangement.

The international financial system contains several constructive elements.

The first component is the monetary commodity of the world. He is the bearer of monetary and monetary relations between countries. The first such carrier was gold.

The second component is the exchange rate. Being the exchange value of state money , it (rate) is expressed in monetary units of other countries. The exchange rate can be either fixed or floating. The basis of the first is the monetary parity (the weighted presence of gold in the monetary units of the country). Floating (flexible) exchange rates are determined by comparing the parities of the monetary purchasing power (by estimating the value of the same "commodity basket" by national money).

The third element of the international financial system is the national currency markets.

The fourth component is monetary and monetary organizations. These include, in particular, the International Monetary Fund. It promotes interethnic cooperation. In addition, it is called upon to provide a mechanism for cooperation and consolidation in solving intergovernmental problems in the financial sphere. Other monetary institutions can also be referred to monetary organizations, whose credit activities are simultaneously of a currency character: development banks (regional), the Bank for International Settlements in Basel and others.