Speech stamps and clericalism: examples of words in Russian

In this article we will talk about such a linguistic concept as "chancellery." Examples, basic properties and scope of use of this linguistic phenomenon will be examined in detail in detail.

In the Russian language, clericalism is attributed to such a language group as speech stamps. Therefore, let's look at the beginning with what kind of phenomenon it is.

What are speech stamps

Let's start by considering the most common mistakes that are allowed both in writing and in communication.

Stamps and clericalism (examples of which will be presented below) are closely interrelated. More precisely, the linguistic phenomenon we are considering is one of the types of cliches (this term refers to words and expressions that are often used, so they lost their meaning). Therefore, such designs simply overload the speaker's speech and are considered redundant.

Stamps are words and turns, often used in speech. Usually such language phenomena do not have any specificity. For example, the turnover "meeting was at the highest level" is used instead of bringing a detailed report on the event.

What are chancellarisms in Russian? Examples

In Russian there are a number of words, the use of which is deemed appropriate only in a specific style of speech. These words include clericalism. This term is used to refer to words, grammatical constructions and forms, as well as word combinations, the use of which is fixed in the literary language for the official business style. For example: interceding, it is necessary, activities that do not pursue the goal of profit, control , etc.

Signs of Chancellarism

Now we define the signs of such words and consider examples.

Chancellarisms are the words of the official business style, however, in addition, they have a number of purely linguistic signs. Among them we can distinguish:

• The use of verbal nouns: lack of suffixes (hijacking, tailoring, compensatory leave); Suffixing (taking, revealing, bloating, finding).
• Substitution of a compound nominal predicate of a simple verbal (splitting of the predicate). For example: show a desire - instead of wanting, to make a decision - instead of deciding, to help - instead of helping .
• Use of odious pretexts. For example: in part, along the line, in force, in the address, in the context, in the field, at the expense of, in terms of, in the case, on the level .
• Stringing of cases, usually genitive. For example, the conditions necessary to raise the level of culture of the population of the region .
• Replacement of active revolutions by passive. For example, we established an active turnover - we conducted a passive establishment .

Why it is impossible to abuse office clerics?

Chancellarisms and speech stamps (examples confirm this), often used in speech, lead to the fact that it loses its imagery, expressiveness, brevity, individuality. As a consequence, the following drawbacks arise:

• Mixing styles. For example: after rain fell short of rain, a rainbow shone over the water in all its glory .
• The ambiguity that the verbal nouns engender. For example, the phrase "the statement of the professor" can be understood both as "professors affirm", and as "the professor asserts".
• Verbosity, weighting of speech. For example: at the expense of improving the level of service, turnover in commercial and state stores should increase significantly.

Chancellery, the examples of which we have presented, deprive speech of imagery, expressiveness, persuasiveness. Because they are often used expressions with an erased lexical meaning, tarnished expressiveness.

Usually journalists are inclined to use stamps. Therefore, in the journalistic style, such expressions are encountered especially often.

What words are attributed to clericalism

It looks natural only in a business speech, clericalism. Examples of their use suggest that very often these words are used in other styles of speech, which is considered a gross stylistic error. To prevent such a mistake, you need to know exactly what words are attributed to clericalism.

Thus, chancellarisms can be characterized by:

• Archaic solemnity: the named, the above-named, to charge, the bearer of this, must, claim, such.
• At the same time, the chancellery can also be routine: to talk (to discuss ), to hear, to move, to puzzle, the specifics, the developments .
• The nouns, formed from verbs, are given formal-business coloring with the following suffixes: - ut, -at, -an, -eni: initiation, taking, finding ; Absentless: absence , hijacking, sewing, hiring, supervision ; Words with prefixes under-, not-: non-detection, non-appearance, under-fulfillment, non-admission.
• In addition, a number of nouns, participles, adverbs, verbs-ligaments and adjectives has a strict relation to the business sphere of communication. For example: the party, the customer, the client, the principal, the owner, the person, the report, the victim, the vacant, the outgoing, immediately, gratuitously, be, be, be .
• The official-business coloring is characterized by a number of official words: to the address, at the expense of, on the basis and so on. For example: according to the contract, in connection with the termination of the agreement, in case of refusal to observe the contract, as a result of the research ,
• Such items include the following composite items: food products, law enforcement agencies, vehicles, budgetary sphere, diplomatic relations.

In what cases is appropriate to use the term "clericalism"

Chancellarisms (examples of words we discussed in detail above), according to the laws of the literary language, should be used only in the official business style. Then these turns do not stand out against the background of the text.

The very term "clericalism" is appropriate to use only in cases where such words and phrases are used in someone else's style. Then speech becomes inexpressive, official nature, deprived of emotionality, liveliness, naturalness and simplicity.

Chancellarism as a stylistic device

But not always attributed to speech shortcomings clericalism. Examples from works of art show that often these words and phrases are used as a stylistic device. For example, for the speech characteristics of the hero.

Often writers use chancellery to create a humorous effect. For example, Zoshchenko, Chekhov, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Ilf and Petrov. For example, in Saltykov-Shchedrin - "... it is forbidden to put out the eye, to remove the head, to bite off the nose"; In Chekhov - "killing occurred because of the drowning."

Chancellarisms (examples of the words we examined in great detail) in Russia reached the greatest extent in the period of stagnation, when they penetrated all spheres of speech, including even everyday. This example once again confirms the idea that language is a reflection of all the changes that occur in the country and society.