Smear for cytology. What is the norm for this analysis?

With a planned visit to a gynecologist, a woman usually gives two mandatory tests. One of them is a smear for cytology, and the other for a flora. After they are taken, dyeing of the cervix with a solution of iodine, if it occurs unevenly, it is possible to suspect pathology. Next, a two-hand examination and examination of the chest.

If a woman has no complaints and the gynecologist does not notice anything suspicious on examination, the patient usually comes in a year. If the doctor has doubts, then he will appoint additional studies. This can be a colposcopy, ultrasound, crops, DNA diagnostics.

Regular visits to a gynecologist make it possible to identify diseases at an early stage, when the woman still does not care. One of the most important studies is a cytology assay that helps detect pathological changes in cervical cells.

The cancer of this body accounts for 85% of cancer in the genital area in women. In countries where a smear for cytology is required , mortality from it is 10 times lower.

Today , cervical cancer is successfully treated if detected in the initial stage. Therefore, all women after 18 years of age should do a smear for cytology annually.

He takes on the gynecological chair after the introduction of a mirror in the vagina. The doctor scrubbing does a scraping from the cervical canal wall . The resulting material is applied to the glass, which is sent to the laboratory. There it is studied under a microscope.

In order for the result of the analysis to be reliable, it is necessary to prepare for it. Two days before the surrender, sex, douching, vaginal pills and candles should be excluded. It is advisable to conduct the test a couple of days after the end of menstruation. Two hours before you can not urinate.

However, the result depends not only on the preparation, but also on the correctness of taking the smear and on the qualification of the person who looks into the microscope. Therefore, if you get a bad result, you should definitely retake it in another laboratory, and then draw conclusions. In addition, in this case, the doctor must necessarily appoint additional studies.

If a woman has given a smear to cytology, the norm is type I. This result indicates that all cells have a normal structure. The other four types of cytograms are pathologies of varying degrees.

II type of smear indicates that there are minor changes in cells due to inflammation. It is necessary, with the help of crops and DNA diagnostics, to identify the pathogen and be treated.

III type of cytogram is characterized by the presence of a small number of cells with enlarged nuclei. In this case, a diagnosis of dysplasia is made, which can be mild, moderate and severe.

With the IV type of smear, the cells have not only changed nuclei, but also chromosomes and cytoplasm. This result is regarded as a suspicion of cancer.

When V type of cytogram is diagnosed with cancer. There is a large number of atypical cells in the smear .

If a pathology is found during the examination, colposcopy is mandatory-study of the cervix when it is dyed with various solutions. A targeted biopsy is performed from a suspicious area with a subsequent histology. In this case, a microscope is studied not by a smear, but by a piece of tissue.

A DNA diagnosis of HPV and herpes simplex viruses, as well as other STDs, is mandatory. The fact is that in the presence of inflammation, the result may be incorrect.

It is extremely dangerous to combine these two viruses. Women from whom they are found are at risk. They must take the test more often.

Thus, a smear for cytology is a simple and informative analysis. He plays a huge role in the diagnosis of cancer today. This disease at the outset is completely curable. Therefore, regular visits to a gynecologist and delivery of smears - it's an opportunity to preserve health and life.