Sights of Moldova. What to see in Moldova

Moldova is an independent republic located in the south of Europe. On the one hand, it borders on Romania, on the other - with Ukraine. The population of the country fluctuates around 3 million people. According to this indicator, Moldova occupies the 118th place in the world.

Subtleties of the region

The best description of Moldova is to start with its capital. It is the city of Chisinau, in any sense, that is the heart of this sunny country. Moldovan is considered a state language, however Romanian is acting on the territory of the republic.

The main authorities are the President and the Parliament. The territorially unitary state is conditionally divided into 32 districts, 5 municipalities and 2 autonomous entities. The largest cities of Moldova, in addition to the capital: Beltsy, Magpies, Tiraspol, Orhei and Bender. Most of the population professes Orthodoxy.
Moldova is not a very rich country. Its annual GDP level slightly exceeds 7.5 billion dollars. On the territory of the republic, the main monetary currency is the Moldovan leu.

It is interesting that the country, independent for political reasons, became only in August 1991, after the collapse of the USSR.

Advantages of geographical location

Moldova on the map is located just west of the Black Sea. There is no common border with the water area. The second time zone operates on the territory. The largest and most famous rivers are the Dniester and the Prut. It should be noted that Moldova has an extended access to the Danube.

The total area of the republic is about 33.7 thousand square meters. Km. Extreme geographical points are considered such villages as Naslavcha, Giurgiulesti, Palanca and Kriv. There is practically no mountainous terrain in the region, except for small massifs and ridges. But in the ground there are many minerals: clay, sand, limestone, gravel, gypsum.

The climate here is continental, temperate. In winter, the average temperature is -10 degrees, in the summer - from +22 to +25. Precipitation is rare, so their annual level varies from 380 to 500 mm.

Most of the territory is occupied by villages, villages, plowed fields and forests. The cities of Moldova are evenly dispersed throughout the region.

Historical heritage

Until the 14th century, tribes such as the Goths, Dacians and Antes lived on the territory of modern Moldova. Then, state entities began to appear, for example, the Galician and Old Russian princedoms, the Golden Horde. Since the end of the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire has taken over the region. In 1711 Grand Duke of Moldova Dmitry Cantemir swore allegiance to the Russian throne. Soon he became an approximate of Peter the Great himself. At that time, Moldavia on the map of the Russian Empire was only a small fraction, but it was extremely important from the point of view of military strategy. That is why the Turkish khans repeatedly seized it. And yet the Russian army managed to conquer the region back after each attack of the enemy.

In the Soviet Union, the republic was an autonomous MSSR.

Tourist destinations

Ironically, all the sights of Moldavia boil down to historical heritage and winemaking. The tourism industry in the country is practically not developed. However, anyone who wants to come to Moldova can easily settle in for a small amount of money and book himself any excursion. On the other hand, the whole region can travel by its own transport in a couple of days, visiting all the most interesting places and institutions.

Undoubtedly, the most important asset of the republic, which glorifies it throughout Europe, is winemaking. Even the most experienced taster is obliged to visit the famous cellars in Maly Milesti and Cricova at least once in his life.

However, the wines of Moldavia do not end with wines. On the territory of the country a huge number of large and significant monuments and memorials. Each city and village has its own historical monuments. The most remarkable are the monuments of Stefan cel Mare, the victims of repression, Lenin, Kalinin, Kotovsky, Karl Marx, Pushkin, Komsomol heroes, Dzerzhinsky, etc. It is not superfluous to visit the memorial complex called Eternitate. Also, the monument of Nizami Ganjavi is popular with tourists. This monument was erected by the Azerbaijani sculptor A. Askerov in honor of the cult Persian classics.

The main wineries of the country

In Moldova, there are several factories and cellars, where a sparkling drink of the gods is made with observance of all norms and old traditions. However, the main winery of the country is considered to be the city of Cricova. It is located not far from Chisinau and is part of the municipality of Riscani. Here, the brand wines of Moldova began to be manufactured since the end of the 16th century. Legendary Cricova cellars are located under the city. They stretch for many kilometers, storing hundreds of collections of wines in their walls. Such drinks can not be tried anywhere else in the world. All wines are squeezed out only from berries growing on the territory of the country. Combine "Cricova" also produces vintage champagne drinks.

The cellars of the city hold a temperature of + 12 degrees, optimal for collection wines, with a humidity of 97%. The total length of the complex is about 120 km.

History of Fortress Fortress

This building represents a unique historical heritage of Moldova. Forty Fortress was built in the 14th century. Its task was to establish control over the Dniester River and the adjacent territory. It is based in the city of Magpies, which is two hours drive from Chisinau.

The fortress is executed in a typical medieval style of defense architecture. In 1543, thanks to the nobles of Transylvania, works were carried out to strengthen the main walls of the complex. Until this moment the Soroca fortress consisted of several towers and fences made of wood. On the territory of the historical monument, artifacts of the ancient colony of Olkhon and Trypillian culture were found repeatedly. The complex has an oval shape. It consists of 5 towers, one of which is an overview above the main entrance. The walls rise to 21 meters. Their thickness varies within 3 m. It is worth noting that the foundation of the fortress is 7 m deep. The complex itself is small - 30.5 meters in diameter, but it does not cease to amaze with its majesty and massiveness.

The Old Orhei Museum

To the east of the capital are almost the main historical monuments of Moldova. First of all, this is the ancient architectural complex "Old Orhei". It is a kind of museum from the remains of settlements of ancient civilizations under the open sky.

The complex is located in a ravine 200 meters deep. The age of the caves dates back hundreds of millennia. This is evidenced by the remains of the first people.

For today in "Old Orhei" the favorite place for tourists is the male rock monastery of the 12th century. The territory of the museum occupies almost 1 square. Km.

Bendery Fortress

This monument of architecture is located on the banks of the Dniester from the middle of the 16th century. The construction of the fortress in Bender began in 1538 on the instructions of the Ottoman emperor. During the Russian-Turkish war from 18 to 19 centuries the complex was repeatedly taken by the Russian army. The most significant and final victory was marked in 1789. Then, under the leadership of A. Suvorov, the Russian army dealt a crushing blow to the Turks on the banks of the Dniester.

Currently, on the territory of the complex is a military unit and the Orthodox Church of Alexander Nevsky. In addition, the Museum of Medieval Instruments of Torture under the Bendery Fortress also enters the Moldavian sights. Here are exhibits such as an iron lady, a cradle of Judas, a knee-crusher, an interrogation chair, piercing goats, etc.

Monastery "Holy Trinity"

It was built about 200 years ago in the village of Saharna. According to legend, here on the rock an old hermit monk saw the image of the Mother of God, who turned to him with the instruction to erect a chapel on this place. Later in Saharna the monastery of the Holy Trinity was founded.

The local nature is different picturesqueness, detachment. Thousands of Orthodox people and pilgrims from all over the country come here every year. The monastery is popular among foreign tourists.

The complex is amazing with its majesty. It covers an area of 650 hectares. In the monastery are the relics of the Great Martyr Macarius and the footprint of the Mother of God. Nearby is the holy spring.

Kitsan Monastery

This Voznesensko-Nyametsky shrine is an hour's drive from Chisinau. Kitskan monastery is purely male. He belongs to the Orthodox Church as part of the Moldavian metropolia. The complex consists of 4 temples: Voznesensky, Uspensky, Nikolsky and Vozdvizhensky. To each cathedral are oak alleys with carved figures on the trunks of the novices. The Orthodox complex has its own hotel for pilgrims, its own library with ancient scriptures, a large museum, an icon painting workshop and a full-fledged printing house.

It is interesting that the bell tower of the Kitskan monastery is considered the highest point of the republic.

Holy complex in Tsypovo

The local Orthodox moleben was founded in 1746. Thanks to her, the small village of Tsypovo became famous far beyond Moldavia. A monastery is located near the Dniester. It is a historical rock complex, in which medieval monks lived a century and a half ago. It is noteworthy that this monastery is one of the ten largest rock sanctuaries in Europe. Up to today, there are about 20 spacious cells and 3 steep levels with balconies.

The reserve and the Tipovo waterfalls are also well-known sights of Moldova. The nature here admires the unique beauty. It is worth noting that it is in Tipovo, the largest waterfalls in the country.

Opera and Ballet Theatre

This is the country's primary cultural asset. The National Opera and Ballet Theater of the Republic of Moldova is based in Chisinau. Its founder is the famous artist Maria Bieshu. The first stone in the foundation was laid in 1955. The debut staging of the theater was the performance of Gershfeldt entitled "Storm". The first ballet was staged in 1957 by the master of his craft Astafyev - "Bakhchisarai Fountain". Since then, the National Theater annually hosts tens of thousands of classical lovers. Here come troupes and directors from all over the world. Local actors repeatedly toured in Romania, Bulgaria and many other countries in Europe.

Every year, international festivals in honor of Maria Biesu are held in the walls of the Chisinau Opera and Ballet Theater.