Shallow foundation: concept and device

Since the soil for the construction of the foundation is not always the way you want, then there are different types and technologies of erecting the foundation of the structure. Recently, a shallow-buried foundation is becoming popular on the abysmal soils . Its peculiarity lies in the fact that it is laid at a shallow depth: about half a meter. Sometimes a bookmark is made directly on the surface of the ground. In this case, the punching forces do not touch the base much or touch it at all.

The construction of a shallow foundation requires the installation of a cushion of crushed stone or sand of coarse fractions up to 30 cm thick. Thanks to a cushion, irregular deformations hardly occur. The dimensions of the pillow are determined individually in each case. To ensure that the sand does not lose its properties, the foundation must be well covered with waterproofing.

On soils prone to whipping, the finely-grooved foundation of the tape type should be strong and rigid. This is achieved by connecting all the elements of the base in a single construction. If the foundation is erected using piles, then they must also be joined together by special beams. However, if the soils are strong enough and strong, then it is not necessary to fasten the foundation elements together.

A shallow foundation is also popular, because with its arrangement, the building material is largely saved. The complexity of the presented base is also significantly reduced. However, based on building codes, it is desirable to use this type of foundation in those cases where the depth of freezing of the soil is not more than 1.7 m.

If the soils are strong enough and not prone to puffing, then the presented type of foundation can easily be used in the construction of buildings of small storeys.

In areas with permafrost soils, a shallow foundation can only be used if the structure is strengthened and protected from deformation in case of thawing of the soil.

During the erection of the foundation, it is necessary to take into account the degree of saturation of the soil with water, since it is moisture that is the main reason for soil punching. Therefore, when forming the substrate, large amounts of water can not be used. And in case of rainy weather, it is necessary to ensure a high-quality drainage of moisture from the site on which the foundation of the structure is mounted. Also, you should take care of the blinds around the basement, which will not let moisture into the ground near the base.

Shallow foundation on soils prone to whipping, are erected for the construction of buildings with low weight, so it is necessary to clearly define what building material will be taken to build the walls and calculate its number. Strengthen the foundation can be with the help of rods reinforcement.

When you build this type of foundation, you should not leave it open for the winter. If you can not build the walls for the winter, it is best to cover the base with heat-insulating materials. Snow from the surface of the foundation should not be removed, since it also keeps the heat well.