Scabies: the first signs in children and adults. Scabies: diagnosis, treatment

Scabies are a dermatological disease that has a high prevalence in the world. It is caused by the intradermal microparasite Sarcoptes scabiei and is very easily transmitted to other people. It is necessary to understand what scabies are. The first signs of an ailment are important to detect as soon as possible in order to begin treatment.

Scabies mite

An individual tick lives between the horny and granular layer of the epidermis. The female is slightly larger than the male. It reaches the following sizes: 0,3-0,4 × 0,25-0,38 mm. Proceeding inside the skin of the person passes, the female lays eggs. After two or three days, larvae emerge from them, and after a couple of weeks or two they are full-grown adult parasites capable of giving offspring.

Scabies itch for up to two months. Regardless of age, an insect can always infect a person. One individual in three months of life is capable of producing six generations of his kind, the total number of which can reach one hundred and fifty million.

It is interesting that the itch mite badly tolerates an unsuitable environment for it. Particularly harmful are the high temperature regime and low humidity. The tick dies in one hour if it is exposed to temperatures over 60 degrees Celsius, and also for a day if the humidity is less than 35 percent. Outside the body of the host, the parasite can live up to five days, and then perishes.

Pathogenesis and features of the disease

What signs of scabies we have observed, they are all the result of an allergic reaction of the organism to the presence of a tick, as well as to its products of vital activity, including eggs, saliva, excrement. Getting into a new human organism, an itch man needs time to get comfortable.

The incubation period can last from one to six weeks. During this time, the patient's immune system also begins to adapt to new conditions, reacting to the scabies mite. The more individuals get to a person, the faster the symptoms will appear.

If one of the people has already been exposed to a similar disease, then with a second infection, the first sign of scabies will appear in a few hours. Thanks to this rapid reaction of immunity, a much smaller number of individuals are found on the skin. The severity of the rash and other manifestations depend on the severity of the allergic reaction in a particular person.

Unfortunately, often because of the defeat of the skin by the itch mite, there are concomitant infections, such as staphylococcus aureus. The rash on the body becomes more diverse, pustules are formed, which complicates the treatment. In the afternoon and in the morning the individuals are inactive, and in the evening and at night the female digs strokes in the skin of a person. For a day, it passes 2-3 millimeters and can postpone up to four eggs.

Saliva of an insect is able to dissolve the human epidermis, and it also forms a special solution, which the insect itself feeds on. At night, mites creep to the surface of the skin to mate or expand their possessions.

If under the skin such parasites move relatively slowly, then on the surface they are able to move at a speed of 25 millimeters per minute. In connection with this peculiarity of the life of ticks, it becomes clear to us that the greatest risk of infection by them is at night through a shared bed.

Manifestation of the disease in adults

Symptoms of scabies in adults are almost identical. A person experiences itching, a rash appears on the body, sometimes with small transparent vesicles. There are moves scabies mites. They are easy to see. It's like thin threads under the skin itself, which can be both straight and zigzagged. However, sometimes there is scabies without strokes, then it is almost impossible to detect it.

Scabies, the first signs of which appear after the bite of an itch mite, develop very rapidly. On the skin appear nodules of various sizes, and a little later because of scratching, blood crusts form.

The first signs of scabies in humans are erythematous papules. They can be multiple, and drain, and scattered. Over time, the papular form passes into the vesicles or even into the bullous rash. The type of rashes and their intensity depend on the degree of allergic reaction, but do not indicate the amount of parasites in the body. Severe skin damage can lead to infections, pustules and eczema.

Most common signs of scabies in adults can be found on the hands, in the interdigital folds, on the abdomen, in the area of the elbows and legs. Often the rash arises around the nipples, in the buttocks, on the skin of the penis in the man, on the hips and in the popliteal cavities.

Classification of manifestations of the disease

1. A symptom of Ardi with such a disease as scabies. The first signs are purulent crusts and pustules in the area of elbows.
2. Symptom Gorchakov. To the above, blood crusts are added.
3. The symptom of Michaelis includes rashes in the mezhyagodichnoy fold, which are transferred to the sacrum.
4. Symptom Cesary is the presence of itch moves, detected by palpation.

Combing any manifestations of scabies, as a rule, leads to the occurrence of infections. Pyoderma can develop, and it, in turn, can lead to post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. In rare severe cases, even rheumatic heart disease is possible.

Pioderma with such a disease is often accompanied by boils, can appear ecthymes, lymphadenitis or lymphangitis. Some patients suffer from microbial eczema. And at fifty percent of patients there is an allergic dermatitis.

Scabies: first signs, photos (in children)

Even infants have the same symptoms as adults. In particular, they are diagnosed with itching strokes, as well as papulovesicles. Paronychia, onychia and wetness also develop. In the first months of a child's life, the disease can resemble an ordinary urticaria. This complicates the rapid diagnosis.

The first signs of scabies in children often appear on the soles of the feet and even on the scalp. The localization of blisters is observed in the region of the back, buttocks, and also on the face. Because of scratching, they are covered with a bloody crust. A little later, a small rash predominates, and in some cases, childhood scabies resembles the symptoms of acute eczema (see photo below).

Itching sensations can spread to large areas of the skin, which often leads to sleep disturbances. Also there are lymphadenitis, lymphangitis, lymphocytosis and leukocytosis, albuminuria, acceleration of ESR, and in infants even sepsis. Every year the number of diseases with erased symptoms increases.

Scabies: first signs in pregnant women

If the disease is detected in time and properly treated, then the fetus will not have any negative influence. Negative is only that scabies harm the future mother. This leads to a deterioration in her condition, sometimes even to a rise in temperature, a decline in strength.

If scabies are not diagnosed in a timely manner and the correct treatment is not carried out, then a more severe form may develop, when pustules are formed, infection occurs. This all can have an extremely negative impact on the development of the fetus.
A greater risk of infection exists during the birth itself. Then there is a danger of transferring scabies to a newborn baby. As already known, the disease in newborns is more severe and often resembles hives.

If you do not immediately diagnose correctly, scabies can lead to serious consequences with infectious diseases, followed by a difficult and long-term recovery period.

The disease manifests itself in pregnant women with standard symptoms. All the same strong itch, which at night becomes stronger, the presence of subcutaneous tick movements. There are also signs of scabies on the hands, especially between the fingers, on the wrists, on the elbows and genitals.

If you experience any of the above symptoms, you should take a scraping from the skin. The presence of scabies can be confused with the so-called scabies of pregnant women, which arises because of the special changes in the woman's body.

Establishing diagnosis

Diagnosis of scabies is possible only after clinical studies (based on epidemiological and laboratory data). Especially with erased symptoms of the disease, the doctor should not rely on his experience or assumptions. There are four methods of diagnosing scabies.

The first is the mechanical extraction of the itch mite from a blind stroke. Then the insect is examined under a microscope. However, this method is rarely effective. Often, doctors detect dilapidated papules that are unsuitable for research.

Another method is to cut a small area of the epidermis near the itch moves. This allows for a qualitative histological examination, revealing not only the scabies mite, but also its eggs.

Sometimes use layer-by-layer scraping in the area of the blind stroke before the appearance of a drop of blood. The seized material is also examined.

The last method used by modern medicine is the method of alkaline preparation. After the procedure, the macerated skin is examined.

One of the above manipulations is necessary to exclude scabies in a person who consults a doctor with similar symptoms. Particular attention should be paid to this, if similar signs have appeared at someone from members of a family. So diagnosed with scabies. The first signs, treatment are determined and appointed by an experienced doctor.

The most reliable indicator that this is a truly contagious disease is the opening of the itch moves with a scalpel. The damaged horny layer of skin is cut, then the obtained materials are microscopized. It is advisable that the examined moves are not combed, and it is most effective to take such scrapings in the wrist area.

If the doctor uses potassium hydrochloride, this allows better detection of ticks and their eggs.

It is easier to detect itching strokes if iodine tincture is applied to the affected areas. Then, against the backdrop of healthy skin, the parasite moves will immediately appear. They will be more brown. Abroad for such diagnostics apply ink.

To detect itch moves, a videodermatoscope is also used. It enlarges the image six hundred times, which makes it possible to correctly examine the problematic places on the head with a disease such as scabies. The first signs and photos of the affected areas are presented below.

Method of treatment

Itself does not pass scabies. It can only worsen, flowing even for many years (it is worth recalling how many individuals a single female can produce for her life!). To cure the disease, it is enough to apply certain measures. There is no need for general treatment. The use of medications will be only local. All such tools can be divided into four groups:

- synthetic derivatives of balsamic agents;

- sulfur, sulfur ointments, Wilkinson's ointment ;

- antiparasitic insecticidal soap, ointment piretra, liquid flizid, preparations "Tizol", "Creolin";

- folk remedies, which include kerosene, gasoline, mazut, autochthonous oil, crude oil, fly ash.

It is worth considering how the scabies are treated, the first signs (see pictures in the article), the treatment sequence:

Before using any remedy, the patient should wash the body to remove the mites that crawled to the surface. Now you can begin to intensively rub yourself into a remedy, especially in places of localization of parasites. If the skin already has more severe lesions, then it will be enough just to lubricate it with a solution. You can process the entire body, except the head.

Emulsion of benzyl benzoate

This tool is the most common. Twenty percent solution is used by adults, and small children will have enough 10% of the drug. On the first day of treatment, foci of inflammation twice for 10 minutes. With a ten-minute interval, this emulsion is treated with a cotton swab. Change bed linen and clothes. On the second day, the procedure is repeated. After three days, you can wash yourself in the shower and change your underwear again.

The way of Demjanovich

Any treatment is effective when a person notices the very first sign of scabies and takes the necessary actions. In advance, two mixtures are prepared: a 60% solution of sodium hyposulphate and a six percent solution of hydrochloric acid.

The room for treatment should be warm. The patient is completely undressed. The doctor pours a hundred milliliters of the first solution into the container. The patient begins to rub it with his hands. First, you should treat the shoulders and hands (first of all the right side, and the second - the left side). Then the agent is applied to the entire body, and in the end to both legs. In each place you need to rub the solution for at least two minutes. Then you can rest a little.

When the mixture dries, the skin will be covered with white crystals, as if from powder. Now you can repeat the rubbing in the same sequence. Crystals of salt contained in the solution, destroy the inputs in the itch moves, which allows the drug to work more efficiently.

When the skin dries, you can go to the second solution. Gradually pouring it on the palm of your hand, you need to process the whole body in the same sequence. Wipe off only for one minute. After drying, repeat the procedure two more times. You should wear clean clothes, and after three days you can wash yourself.

If there is no positive result, then treatment is recommended to be repeated after five days. In fact, only in rare cases is repeated therapy required. When the two solutions interact, sulfur dioxide and sulfur are released, which reliably kill the mites and their eggs. Scabies, the first signs of which are a terrible itching and changes in the skin, do not pass as quickly as it occurs.

Sulfuric ointment

For treatment, a thirty-three percent drug is chosen. It is not applied only to the scalp. For five days, the ointment should be rubbed once a day (overnight). Then a two-day break is made. When no treatment is done, the bed linen does not change.

In some cases, a single application of sulfuric ointment is suggested. The patient within two hours rubs the skin into the skin, after moistening the body with soapy water. Then the covers are powdered with talcum powder. After three days a person washes and changes clothes.

Wood Ash

This folk remedy has proved itself well when eliminating such a disease as scabies. The first signs on the abdomen and elsewhere are well cured in this way. The wood ash contains a sufficient number of sulfur compounds. They are capable of destroying mites. From this product, an ointment is prepared in a ratio of 30/70. Such a remedy is used as any other sulfuric ointment.

You can also cook the infusion. A glass of ash and two glasses of water stir and boil for about twenty minutes. Then the resulting liquid is filtered. Finished sediment is rubbed into the skin, moistening it with pre-prepared liquor. Such procedures are done during the week for thirty minutes at night.

Treatment with kerosene

It will require kerosene and any vegetable oil. The components are mixed in equal proportions. Within two or three days, all skin is smeared at night, and stockings, underwear, mittens are also processed. In the morning, you can wash your body and change your underwear. For a complete cure, as a rule, two or three procedures are enough. Applying this method in the treatment of children, you should be careful, as there is a risk of developing dermatitis.

After the end of the procedure, all the clothes and clothing of the patient should be thoroughly boiled. Other things iron with a hot iron or air in the fresh air for about a week. If a group of people get sick with scabies, then treatment should start at the same time.

New methods of therapy

In modern medicine, such medicines are used to fight scabies: "Krotamiton", "Spregal", "Permetrin", "Lindan". They are released in the form of a solution, cream or aerosol.

Use of the "Crotamiton"

This is a topical preparation. Before use, you need to test for sensitivity to the patient. It is best to use a cream or lotion. After the shower, the preparation should be carefully rubbed into the skin, starting from the chin, ending with the toes. In a day, repeat the procedure. Much attention when applying should be given places of folds. The next day you need to change your underwear and take a shower. If necessary, treatment can be repeated.

Medication "Spregal"

Before using this drug, a sensitivity test for the microflora should also be carried out. It is recommended to apply the product in the evenings, so that its main effect falls on the night. Spray the drug should be at a distance of 20-30 centimeters from the surface of the covers. Preventive treatment should be given to all family members. The medication is not applied only to the head and face.

If the symptoms do not go away within ten days, then a second course of therapy is necessary. Scabies, first signs, photos - everything was given attention in the article.

If, in addition to the scabies mite, the patient has eczema, then before treatment with "Spregal" (per day), you must rub the glucocorticoid ointment into the affected areas. If we deal with children, then when treating the skin with a spray it is necessary to cover their mouth and nose with a napkin, and when changing diapers or diapers, re-process the buttock area.

It is important to recognize the signs of scabies in children in time. A photo of her manifestations on her face is presented below. If large areas of the skin are strongly affected, then they can also be treated with "Spregal". But you do not need this from a nebulizer, but with a cotton swab. If suddenly the product has got into eyes, they should be thoroughly rinsed with water.

In the case of timely treatment and in the normal state of the immune system scabies quickly passes, the patient is fully restored. Only in rare, neglected cases, the ailment can lead to rheumatic heart disease, as well as post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.

How to prevent infection?

Everyone should have information about what scabies are. The first signs and photos of the disease, which are described and placed in our article, should help the victim make the right decision and objectively assess the situation in order to begin effective treatment.

Although many people think that infection with scabies depends on compliance with hygiene rules, this is not the case. Scabies mite is not afraid of water or soap. Therefore, to try to destroy the parasites by themselves with the help of a regular shower is useless. It is necessary to consult specialists, and only experienced doctors can correctly identify the disease and prescribe treatment.