Allergic dermatitis

Dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin that occurs under the influence of endogenous or exogenous factors. They have a short current and are characterized by low polymorphism.

Allergic dermatitis is divided into contact, toxic-allergic, atonic, fixed erythema.

The first type occurs when exposed to exogenous substances, which lead to hypersensitivity reactions (pollen, food components). The cause of toxic-allergic dermatitis are haptens, which are injected parenterally with medicinal purposes. As a result, there are pronounced dismetabolic phenomena that lead to lesions of the skin. The antonic form arises under the influence of respiratory system diseases.

Allergic dermatitis can be the result of endocrinopathies, metabolic disorders of internal organs. A certain role is played by the hereditary factor.

Clinical picture

Allergic dermatitis has an acute onset, a slow progression. The first sign is erythema, which is located in the center and has in its structure separate monomorphic elements: vesicles, papules. The concentration of the allergen that causes this condition plays a primary role, since it determines the severity of the disease. Relapses are noted when exposure to low doses of these substances. Other symptoms of allergic dermatitis include swelling, intense itching, fever, leukocytosis of redistribution.

Fixed erythema has some differences that make it possible to separate it into a separate species. It is characterized by the appearance on the mucous membranes or skin of several spots, which have sharply outlined edges up to eight centimeters. The peripheral zone of these formations is somewhat elevated. This condition is also called dermatitis in pregnant women, since the incidence of the disease in this group is the highest.

In the conditions of production, this pathological condition can also develop. Contact with various chemicals is thus the main etiological factor leading to polysystemic manifestations. The most characteristic lesions: the skin of the neck, face, hands, nasal mucosa. Complications of this condition are the syndromes of Lyell, Steve Jobs. Allergic dermatitis in pregnancy is a particularly dangerous condition, since it is possible to defeat not only the tissues of the mother, but also the fetus.

Treatment

For successful treatment, the patient must be removed from the substance that triggered the hyperreactivity reaction. With allergies to pollen, household substances, specific immunotherapy is indicated. Antihistamines are the main substances that help to effectively reduce the symptoms of allergic dermatitis.

With severe symptoms of the disease and the presence of characteristic complications, the use of glucocorticoid drugs is indicated, which can be applied topically and intravenously.

Detoxification therapy is also an important component of the treatment of this disease, especially if it is caused by food allergens. To treat conditions caused by such substances, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory substances are also used that help to reduce pathological symptoms (swelling, redness, itching).

Allergic dermatitis is a common skin disease that does not pose a potential threat to life. However, with irrational, untimely treatment, they can lead to complications that can be dangerous to human life.