Sanitary-protective zone of the enterprise. Basic concepts, development and coordination

Sanitary-protective zone of the enterprise (SPZ) is a limited area of the industrial zone of the enterprise, conditionally designated. The main purpose of the SPZ is to reduce the harmful impact of the enterprise on the natural environment as a result of production processes. Sanitary protection zone of the enterprise is created with the purpose of protection of people, animals and plants from negative influence of industrial activity of the enterprises.

Depending on the degree of impact on the natural environment - noise, dust and other factors - all enterprises are assigned hazard classes. In accordance with these classes, the dimensions of the SPZ are established. So, for the production of the first class, the sanitary protection zone of the enterprise should be 1000 m, for the second - 500 m, for the third - 300 m, for the fourth and fifth, respectively - 100 and 50 m. More will be the allotted zone.

To determine the degree of danger of the enterprise, a number of instrumental studies are carried out-taking samples of soil, water, air, measuring the noise level-directly at the enterprise and at some distance from it.

In the SPZ, gardening companies and dacha plots, food industry enterprises, medicinal productions, children's and medical institutions are not allowed to be mixed up. It is possible to find the following objects in the sanitary protection zones: garages and parking lots of motor vehicles, gas stations, trade objects, enterprises with a hazard class that is less than that of the main production. People living in the SPZ are not allowed in the SPZ.

The sanitary protection zone of the enterprise necessarily assumes in its composition the presence of green plantations, and, the smaller the zone, the thicker the planting. This zone is a forest and green areas.

The development of a sanitary protection zone is mandatory for all enterprises that have an impact on human health, livelihoods of animals and plants as a result of production, namely - if outside the industrial zone of the enterprise there are increased values of MPC.

The procedure for developing and coordinating the SPZ of enterprises is determined by federal legislation, as well as by a number of sanitary norms and rules. This law establishes the right of individual entrepreneurs and legal entities to ensure the safety of their own production for the environment, as well as to constantly conduct industrial control and monitor compliance with the legislation in force in this area.

For the development of the project it is necessary to know the technological processes and equipment used, the amount of waste generated, and also to consider the prospects for the development of production. The project should take into account the climate and weather conditions of the location of the enterprise.

After the development, the coordination of the SPZ takes place in Rospotrebnadzor. This body establishes the correspondence of a justified project zone to existing conditions.