Russia: the plant world. Protection of the flora of Russia

Russia is an amazing, majestic and multifaceted country, striking with the beauty of nature. Each corner of our country is a real abode of different representatives of flora and fauna. The plant and animal life of Russia is represented on the vast expanses of the taiga, in the royal mountains of the Urals, crystal waters of lakes and seas. By the number and variety of wildlife in Russia several times superior to European.

From the tundra to the forest: the diversity of flora

In such an extremely large country like Russia, the plant world is represented in an extraordinary variety. The tundra is rich in mosses and shrubs. In the southern part of it you can meet a fairly large number of dwarf birches and willows, low grasses, berries cranberries, blueberries and blueberries. Closer to the north, the advantage of lichens and mosses increases. The harsh taiga is represented by such species of plants that are able to withstand the cold. Pines, fir, spruce, Siberian maples and larches are well adapted to harsh conditions. In the southern part of the taiga there are broad-leaved maple, linden, aspen. In view of the lack of lighting, the soil of the taiga covers moss. Also here you can find shrubs of plants such as currant, honeysuckle, juniper.

In the forest-steppe zone of such a huge country as Russia, the plant world is rich in broad-leaved forests. Here grow oak, birch, aspen, maple. In the steppe zone you can find feather grass, fescue, wormwood. The shrub family is represented by spiraeus and caraganum. In an extremely large number of grow lichens and mosses. In view of the fact that most of the territory of the steppe is plowed, there is very little local vegetation.

A very rich flora is characteristic of the Far Eastern region of our country. Among the trees and shrubs are dominated by such plants as Mongolian oak, linden, maple. A unique feature of local forests is lianas, which include lemongrass, vineyards, and actinidia.

In the Caucasus oak and beech forests are represented, also there you can find Mediterranean and sub-Mediterranean species of pine, juniper, Pitsunda pine.

The Amur River basin is one of the richest biomes of a country like Russia. The vegetable world here, unlike the other southern borders of the country, has no barriers for the settlement of various representatives of the flora.

Arctic zone

In the Arctic and the tundra are their own separate floristic and faunal complexes. They differ in their originality in an ecological sense, because they inhabit extremely extreme habitat conditions. Plants are characterized by a very short vegetation period, which is caused by sharp changes in illumination, frozen ground and low temperatures. In the Arctic tundra, such representatives of the plant world as mosses, lichens, shrubs predominate.

"Polar Oasis"

This nickname is called the Ionian Islands, where an extremely large number of flowering plants grow, which color meadows with colorful colors. Also here you can find fern thickets, a variety of mosses. In places where sea gulls accumulate, the soil is well-fertilized, so the vegetation is distinguished by a variety of species: large-flowered chamomile, cold, sorrel, buttercup and others.

The urgency of the issue of conservation of species diversity

Despite its wealth, the flora and fauna of Russia is constantly confronted with obstacles that threaten the disappearance of some of its representatives. This fact darkens the pride of such an abundance and diversity of flora and fauna. Very many species of plants and animals cause great commercial hype among poachers. Under threat is Karelian birch, which is the most expensive source of wood material in the world. Sable, squirrel and mink have expensive fur, as a result of which they are mass slaughtered. Greed and greed of people reduce the number of plants and animals daily. In view of this, the protection of the flora of Russia at present is an extremely topical issue. Everyone should appreciate the natural wealth of our country. Day after day, the plant resources of the world and of Russia are shrinking, so it is necessary to hinder their destruction in every possible way.

Conservation measures

In order to preserve the diversity of the flora and fauna of Russia, as well as rare and endangered species of plants and animals, a number of laws and regulations on environmental protection have been adopted in our country . Effective measures were developed to suppress the activities of poachers and punish violators. The existing reserves and zakazniks are especially effective in the conservation of nature. To date, there are about one hundred and fifty such protected areas. They allow preserving rare species of plants and animals in their natural habitat.

Having systematized data on typical representatives of different climatic zones, it is possible to generalize the information.

Vegetable world of Russia: table

Thus, due to the huge spatial difference of such a country as Russia, the plant world is represented in a wide variety. By species abundance, the flora and fauna inhabitants far exceed the countries of Europe.