Rigging devices, tools and mechanisms

Any industrial production is to a greater or lesser extent connected with the installation of overall and complex cargo. In many cases, a person can not perform such work independently. For this, the rigging means, mechanisms and adaptations are used. With their help, moving, unloading, loading objects of any configuration and weight becomes available.

Rigging works

They are operations related to the lifting, holding and moving of different objects - parts, assemblies, equipment. The key difference between these works and the usual loading and unloading operations is the use of special devices. имеют специфическую конфигурацию. Often, the rigging, the devices have a specific configuration. Their use is caused by the impossibility of moving objects due to their size, weight in other ways. The timing of the work, as well as their cost, are determined by the complexity of the operations, the peculiarity of the cargo, and the availability of specialized organizations in the region.

Appointment

, используемые для перевозки крупногабаритного оборудования. Rigging mechanisms are devices used for transportation of large-sized equipment. The main task of the work with the use of special techniques is not to exclude the participation of man in them, but to improve the efficiency of operations. Industrial rigs are used by riggers. позволяют в кратчайшие сроки перемещать ленточные конвейеры, станки, верстаки и другое крупногабаритное оборудование. Rigging devices allow in the shortest time to move belt conveyors, machines, workbenches and other large equipment. In addition, special equipment can improve the safety of operations and ensure the safety of cargo. используются не только в промышленности, где транспортировка оборудования выступает одним из важнейших звеньев рабочего процесса. Rigging devices are used not only in industry, where the transportation of equipment is one of the most important links in the working process. Often special equipment is used in the domestic sphere. For example, the services of specialized organizations are resorted to when necessary to transport safes, musical instruments, furniture, etc.

Rigging devices

Enterprises that offer services for moving large-sized cargo use various devices in their work. All of them are united by the term "rigging". : In practice, the following rigging devices are mainly used:

1. Slings.
2. Blocks.
3. Hooks.
4. Ropes.
5. Eyelets.
6. Pulley blocks.
7. Chains.
8. Clamps.

Ropes

As a rule, steel, nylon and hemp cables are used. The latter can be resinous or white. They differ in technology of production. Hemp threads, impregnated with resin, are considered more practical. In addition, they have high strength. The white ropes are more flexible. They have a smaller margin of safety and are not used for machinery equipped with a machine drive. For installation work, such ropes are rarely used. Steel cables differ in cross-sectional form and are classified according to a constructive feature. Usually, round and flat ropes are used with single, double, triple wire.

Slings

представлены отрезками канатов разной конфигурации. These rigging devices are represented by lengths of ropes of different configurations. Slings are used for reliable and fast fastening of the transported goods. They can be electronic and manual. Slings are used for direct loading / unloading. The maximum height to which the load can be lifted is 3 m. The maximum weight of objects for the use of slings is up to 10 tons. For lifting to a small height jacks are used. They can be screw, rack, wedge, hydraulic.

The pulley blocks and blocks

These mechanisms, as a rule, are part of different lifting equipment. The pulley is the simplest lifting device, consisting of blocks. The latter are connected by a rope. Blocks differ in the number of rollers (single and multi-roller).

Winch

Its design includes blocks or pulley blocks. With the help of these elements, the cargo is directly raised. Winches are distinguished by the type of drive. It can be electric or manual.

Supporting structures

Often, rigging involves the suspension and retention of cargo on a structure that can withstand its weight. In this case, hoists are used. If the work is done indoors, they are fixed on the ceilings and other building elements. If they are not available, special equipment is installed - a supporting structure. As a rule, it is a metal vertical stand, which is held by special guys. As a support in the design, a heavy plate is provided.

Security

In the production of rigging, relatively heavy objects are lifted and moved. Their weight can be up to several tons. Specialists have developed safety rules when using rigging devices. The requirements take into account all the hazards in the operations. Employees of the organization providing rigging services, pass obligatory briefings and courses on improvement of professional skill. To perform the work you need to get a special admission, undergo medical examination.

equipment requirements

. To maintain the performance of regular inspection of rigging tools, mechanisms, devices . The check is performed on time. Traverses are inspected at least every six months, tare, tongs and other grippers - 1 p / month, slings - 1p / 10 days (except rarely used).

An extraordinary full physical examination of equipment must be carried out without fail after repair of metal elements with replacement of design parts and assemblies, reconstruction, overhaul, replacement of the hook and other similar operations. The results of the procedure are recorded in the journal of rigging tools and devices.

After the replacement of the worn ropes, when they are re-packed, the reliability of the fastening and the correctness of the stock are checked, the cables are tightened with the working load.

осуществляет инженерно-технический работник, исполняющий на предприятии надзорные функции, при участии сотрудника, ответственного за исправное состояние оборудования. The technical inspection and accounting of the rigging tools, mechanisms and devices is carried out by an engineering and technical employee performing supervisory functions at the enterprise, with the participation of the employee responsible for the working condition of the equipment. The latter can independently check the reliability of ropes and the correctness of the stock, the tightening of the load after re-shuffling or replacement of cables. The form of the register of rigging tools and devices is in accordance with Annex 9 to the Regulation on the OT when operating at altitude (approved by the Order of the Ministry of Labor No. 155n of March 28, 2014).

Safety precautions

The production of rigging involves the use of slings, through which the load is secured to the lifting mechanism. Before slinging, the specialist should know the whole object. As a rule, the weight of the cargo is indicated on the plate fixed on the frame. If the object is packed, the weight is marked on the box or the skin. Lifting and moving objects are carried out with strict adherence to the following rules:

1. Strapping of the cargo to which the passport and instructions are attached is made according to the specified technology. Slings are fixed in the lugs provided for them by means of special hooks on the equipment.
2. Stroking should be carried out taking into account the factors of equilibrium and stability of the cargo when it is raised and then moved. Mechanisms and equipment, mounted on one frame, rise after fastening the lines on a common platform. The sheet packaged material is moved using special pick-ups that are suspended on the traverse.
3. Stroepovka channels, angles and other profiled metal products are produced using universal devices. In the sharp corners under the slings have pads.

Classification of objects

All goods that are transported are divided into certain groups depending on the mass:

1. Lightweight - up to 250 kg.
2. Heavy - 250-50000 kg.
3. Very heavy - more than 50 tons.

There is another category - dead loads. They call objects that are frozen to the ground, dug into it, fixed on the foundation, pressed against other objects. The mass of such goods, as a rule, is unknown. It is strictly forbidden to use cranes for their lifting. Objects are also classified by their size and are oversized and oversized. In the first parameters do not exceed the norms defined in the SDA (motor transport), or correspond to the size of the rolling stock (for railway transport). In oversized cargo, these figures exceed the established standards.

Conclusion

One of the key factors of ensuring safety is the high professionalism of the personnel of the enterprise engaged in rigging. The employee should know well the equipment that he uses, the features of his operation. The work is supervised by the foreman. He is responsible for the implementation of established rules and regulations. For the personnel, special instructions are developed, the deviation from which is fraught with serious consequences.