Red book of Udmurtia on protection of flora and fauna of the Republic.

The rich and picturesque nature of the Republic, located between the rivers Vyatka and Kama, helps to preserve the Red Book of Udmurtia. Flora and fauna of this region are represented by more than a thousand species of plants and animals, but among them there are those that are almost on the verge of extinction.

Work on the creation of the Red Book

For the first time this document was approved in 2001. During the whole subsequent period, the representatives of the flora and fauna recorded in the Red Book were monitored, and changes were made on their basis from time to time. The number of some species has decreased noticeably. However, the list of lichens, which are an indicator of the ecological situation in the region, has almost doubled. Some species of insects have appeared under threat of extinction lately, so their list has replenished: instead of the former 112 it contains 142 species.

The Red Book of Udmurtia provides for administrative penalties in the form of fines for the destruction of legally protected animals and plants. Their size varies from 0.1 (for example, for a forest dormouse or brown earthen) to 50 minimum wages (for a black stork, peregrine falcon, or golden eagle). The penalty is set even for ants and some other small insects.

Protected plants

The list of representatives of the flora of Udmurtia, protected by law, includes vascular plants, lichens and mosses, mushrooms and algae.

Among them there are medicinal plants:

• Bearberry common, called in the people bear's eye;
• Elephant rough (sunflower wild);
• Digitalis large-flowered (thimble grass);
• Wormwood tarragon, etc.

A lot of decorative species includes the Red Book of Udmurtia. Flowers included in the list of rare and endangered species: Adonis, Astraea; Related to perennials: centaury centenarius (annual of the family gorchavkovyh), forest anemone, lily of the valley May. Wild orchids, such as calypso onion, Venus shoe, chinstrapless leafless and many others, are also under protection. Rare ferns-grocery are considered, and also the inhabitant of reservoirs and marshes - sundew.

Plants of the Red Book of Udmurtia, which are on the verge of extinction, are also some types of trees and shrubs. It is protected by the law of dwarf birch, hawthorn blood-red, cherry steppe.

Golden symbol of Udmurtia

This is the name of the bathing-place - a plant of the family of buttercups with a large bright yellow flower resembling a miniature rose. It grows in damp meadows and forests. The bather was named this plant in honor of the god of summer Kupala. Beautiful flowers appear just when the water in the rivers warms to such an extent that you can swim.

The plant is considered poisonous, but it is also attributed to its healing properties. There is a legend that the bathing-place is sprouted gold coins, which in desperation threw out the daughter of one greedy merchant who forbade her to marry a young man from a poor family.

Not only the Red Book of Udmurtia contains a bathing-place in the list of rare plants, in many other regions this flower is also under protection.

Representatives of the fauna

Many species of animals are considered rare in the territory of the Republic, including mammals. This is a Russian desman, belonging to insectivorous, brown ears, a small and red evening from the order of bats. In Izhevsk, the only copy of the mustachite was left.

The Red Book of Udmurtia includes some representatives of the family of cunies. The European mink, columns is protected by the law. On the verge of extinction is the wolverine. A few specimens were recorded only in several regions of the Republic (Glazovsky, Yarsky, Balezinsky).

The periodic assessment of the threat of disappearance of some species of flora and fauna in the territory of Udmurtia has shown the necessity of making additions and clarifications to the Red Book.