Prostaglandin is ... Prostaglandins (preparations): names, prices

Most of the processes in our body depend on prostaglandins, which are produced by virtually all tissues. Often they are considered to be hormones, however, they are not. They act primarily at the site of synthesis, after which they are destroyed. Hormones also exert their influence at a distance and are secreted only by glands of internal secretion, and not by most tissues.

Synthesis of prostaglandins

Let's consider the process of the formation of this substance in the body. Prostaglandin is a substance formed in the process of arachidonic acid metabolism, they are related to eicosanoids. Fatty acids are part of the phospholipids that are found in all tissues. Under the action of phospholipase A2, arachidonic acid decomposes, after which it rises on the cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase pathway of metabolism. Prostaglandins are the product of the former.

What is the role in the body?

Eicosanoids perform many functions. Prostaglandin is a substance that takes an active part in most of the processes occurring in our body. For example, prostaglandin E has a depressant effect, that is, it helps to lower blood pressure, affecting the tone of the vessels. In addition, prostaglandins (drugs and natural) activate the contractile function of the myometrium, due to which they are used to stimulate labor. These substances contribute to an increase in the synthesis of mucus, which is produced by goblet cells of the stomach. Slime performs a protective function, preventing the effect of aggressive factors on the mucosa. In addition, these substances suppress the formation of pepsin and hydrochloric acid, which is effectively used in the treatment of stomach diseases associated with increased secretion of these substances. They also affect the rheological properties of blood, suppressing platelet aggregation. Prostaglandin E affects the smooth muscle cells of the trachea and bronchi, it promotes their relaxation, and, consequently, the expansion of the airways. Important role of prostaglandins in inflammation and pain syndrome. These substances not only directly affect the nerve endings and fibers, but also participate in the appearance of other signs of inflammation. Changing the tone of the vessels under the action of prostaglandins leads to hyperemia, and an increase in the permeability of their walls is the cause of edema formation. Prostaglandins, in addition, affect the vagus nerve, causing nausea and vomiting. With such a side effect, patients often encounter. Prostaglandins - preparations (names below) are used only for strict indications.

Interaction of prostaglandins and anti-inflammatory drugs

Prostaglandin is a direct participant in the inflammatory process. The action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is based on the reduction of their synthesis (the enzyme cyclooxygenase is blocked). Prolonged intake of NSAIDs leads to a lack of prostaglandins, as a result of which the barrier function of the stomach is impaired - a decrease in the secretion of mucus. This is the main side effect of these drugs.

Prostaglandins - preparations: names

Such medicines are used mainly for diseases of the stomach and duodenum of an erosive and ulcerative nature. In addition, they are prescribed to stimulate the reduction of myometrium and improve the rheology of the blood.

"Misoprostol"

Prostaglandins (drugs) are widely distributed in the therapy of stomach and duodenal ulcers due to their antisecretory activity. This action is associated with exposure to prostaglandin receptors, which are located on parietal cells of the stomach. Thus, "Misoprostol" performs the functions of natural prostaglandin. Stimulation of mucus helps to protect the mucous membrane and prevents the occurrence of new ulcerative lesions. All this also creates favorable conditions for the healing of ulcers and erosions.

Alprostadil

The drug is a preparation of prostaglandin E. Usually it is prescribed in those cases when it is required to increase the reduction of myometrium - the stimulation of labor. Also, the drug is used to improve blood circulation - inhibition of platelet aggregation and vasodilation (with atherosclerosis). Available in ampoules for intravenous administration.

Contraindications

Both drugs are not prescribed if there is a hypersensitivity to prostaglandins, as well as to analogues of these substances. Among the contraindications - the age of 18, pregnancy and the period of breastfeeding. Also, they are taken with caution in renal and hepatic insufficiency, pathologies of the endocrine system, enterocolitis, anemia.

Self-administration of prostaglandin preparations without consulting a specialist is not allowed. Only a doctor can choose the right dosage and adjust the treatment plan, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient. Depending on the place of purchase, the price will change. Prostaglandin is available in different forms and under different brands, this also affects the cost.

Side effects

Most often, when taking drugs, there are violations from the digestive system - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and dyspeptic disorders. If there is an allergy, itching, rash, hyperemia and swelling are noted, anaphylactic reactions are also possible . Taking medications can be accompanied by a violation of the menstrual cycle, dysmenorrhea. Reduction of the myometrium is often characterized by pains in the lower abdomen. Other side effects include dizziness, headache, fluctuations in body weight.

The risk of side effects is individual for each patient. When observing such phenomena, you should consult your doctor and change the therapy plan.

Prostaglandin is a substance necessary in the therapy of peptic ulcer and other pathologies. Usually they are combined with other drugs to achieve the desired effect. The choice of medicine and its dosage depend on the clinical case and the individual characteristics of the patient.