Medicine is the most important science that is necessary for all mankind. With its development, it became possible to prolong the life of people, to save them from all sorts of diseases and discomforts that they cause. Every day millions of people turn for help to medical services, which work thanks to a well-coordinated system. It includes a number of industries, each of which has a certain activity. To study medicine, it is necessary to learn a lot of sciences, without which it is impossible to treat people. It is believed that the basic components are basic sciences that study the concepts of the structure, functions of the human body, pathological conditions occurring in it, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Only after their assimilation the future doctor can be entered into the clinic in order to start working with patients.
Propaedeutics is what? Why is this science necessary?
The basic medical sciences are: pathological physiology, propaedeutics and pharmacology. The first one helps to find out the mechanism of the disease effect, which is necessary to eliminate it. Propaedeutics is a branch of medicine on which all work with patients is built. This science is necessary for examining a patient and finding out all the details related to pathology. It includes such aspects as:
- Collection of patient complaints;
- Studying the history of the development of this pathology;
- Anamnesis of a patient's life;
- A survey of all organs and systems;
- The identification of conditions different from the norm.
Features of anamnesis
First of all, the clinician should talk with the patient or his relatives (if the patient is in serious condition, the child). Thanks to the survey, the doctor learns what exactly bothers the person. He should inquire in detail about the patient's complaints, ask when they appeared, what reasons led to this. It is necessary to find out what treatment the patient has taken independently, whether this led to the proper result. The next stage is the study of the patient's anamnesis. It involves figuring out all the details related to a patient's health, from birth. The doctor is interested in what diseases were during life, what they led to (recovery, transition to chronic form, complications). He also asks about the presence of allergic reactions, bad habits, burdened heredity. It is necessary to find out whether the patient has contacted the infectious patients, whether he has tuberculosis, venereal pathologies or hepatitis.
Inspection of the patient
Propaedeutics is a science that is needed in the work of every doctor, as any doctor should be able to assess the condition of the patient with the help of an examination. It includes assessing the consciousness, appearance of the patient, examining his posture, gait, type of constitution. This allows to determine the presence of visible changes in the skin, muscles, joints, bone tissue, inflammation of lymph nodes, edema. Professional propaedeutics is the ability of a narrow specialist to conduct qualitative diagnostics of pathological conditions through examination of a particular body system. For example, examination of the genital organs for gynecologists, the study of laboratory blood tests for hematologists, and so on.
Propaedeutics of internal diseases
In order to assess the condition of internal organs, in propaedeutics there are special diagnostic methods. These include: palpation, percussion and auscultation. After a professional examination of a certain area, the doctor proceeds to probe her. This gives information about the presence of soreness, size, consistency, and mobility of the organ. Due to a change in percussion sound and auscultation, a differential diagnosis can be made between various diseases of the lungs, heart, and digestive tract. Propedeutics is a necessary branch of medicine, without which it is impossible to provide medical assistance.