The strength of the magnetic field and its main characteristics

One of the most important physical characteristics of both natural and artificial human habitat is the magnetic field. It represents one of the forms of the existence of an electromagnetic field. The main distinguishing feature of this form is that the magnetic field acts exclusively on those particles and bodies that, on the one hand, are in continuous motion, and on the other - contain a certain electric charge.

It is also known from the physics course that a conductor with current and alternating electric fields are needed to create a magnetic field. The most important characteristics of this field are the vector of magnetic induction and magnetic tension.

The magnetic field strength is one of the vector quantities studied in physics, which consists of the difference of the electromagnetic induction vector, as well as the magnetization vector. Since magnetic tension is a vector quantity, it is usually assumed that its unit of measurement in a conventional and most common SI system is ampere per meter. In order to obtain an electromagnetic field strength of 1 a / m, it is necessary that an electric current of 2π ampere flows in a rectilinear extended wire with a smallest cross-sectional diameter. In this case, at all points of the magnetic field formed by this current at a distance of 1 meter, the intensity of the electromagnetic field and will be 1 a / m.

The intensity of the magnetic field, or in other words, the number of lines of force of this field, can be estimated. In particular, in order to determine the direction of these lines, one can use the well-known rule of the borer. This rule is one of the cornerstones of all electrical engineering. It states that in the event that the general direction of the motion of the borer is completely identical to the direction of the electric current in a particular conductor, the direction of rotation of the borer is identical to the direction of the magnetic lines.

Focusing on this rule, it is easy to prove that the magnetic lines that occur in coil turns are directed to the same side. From this it can be concluded that the intensity of the magnetic field inside the coil will be much stronger than the tension created by a single coil. This is due, among other things, to the fact that the lines of force of adjacent turns are parallel to each other, but in different directions, hence, the intensity of the magnetic field between them will decrease steadily.

It is quite natural that the magnetic field of any coil is directly proportional to the magnitude of the current that passes through its coils. In addition, the intensity of the magnetic field directly depends on how close these turns are to each other. It has been proven by experience that in two coils in which an electric current of equal strength flows and the number of turns absolutely coincides, the magnetic field will be stronger in the one where the coil has a smaller axial length, that is, its turns are located much closer to each other.

A very significant characteristic of the magnetic field is the numerical value of the amperes, which can be calculated by multiplying the number of turns in the coil by the current flowing in them. The magnetomotive force will also depend on the magnitude of the amperes. Relying on this concept, it can be easily proved that the magnetic field of the coil under investigation is directly proportional to the number of ampere-turns per unit axial length. In other words, the intensity of the electromagnetic field increases, the larger the magnitude of the magnetomotive force produced in the coil under investigation.

In addition to artificially created magnetic fields, there is still a natural magnetic field of the Earth, which is formed, mainly, in the outer shell of the nucleus. The main characteristics of this field, including tension, vary both in time and space, but all the basic laws characteristic of artificially created fields also work in the geomagnetic field.