Preschool: new challenges in new conditions

The current stage of development of our country makes absolutely new demands on the quality of educational and upbringing processes in preschool institutions. This applies not only to the selection of basic forms and methods of working with children between the ages of two months to seven years, but also to create conditions for their most comfortable entry into society.

Preschool educational institutions have experienced in recent years major changes that are associated with a number of factors. First, market relations are becoming more active in the educational environment , which is expressed, in particular, in the development of competition not only between individual institutions, but also between didactic and educational concepts. Secondly, the preschool institution against the backdrop of a constant increase in the requirements for it from the state and parents was faced with obvious underfunding, which led to a significant formalization of the educational process in it.

Thirdly, the parental community begins to play an increasingly active role in monitoring kindergartens. At the same time, an acute shortage of institutions of this type in the country has led to the fact that educators use this argument as an instrument for influencing particularly principled fathers and mothers. Finally, fourthly, in the light of recent changes related to the adoption of the new Law on Education, kindergartens have at last turned from a predominantly educational structure into full-fledged preschool institutions with an educational program.

The new law and the secondary legislation adopted in addition approached the main areas of activity of kindergartens of various types. Preschool in its activities must be guided by the basic norms of Russian legislation, as well as the provisions of the State Standard in this area. The main objectives of this level of education are:

• Paying special attention to the state of physical and mental health of children;
• Orientation on the maximum realization of physical, aesthetic and social abilities of pupils;
• Taking into account the individual characteristics of children;
• Education in the spirit of patriotism, instill respect for family values, cultural traditions and customs of Russia, love for nature ;
• Correction of deficiencies in the child's mental and physical development ;
• Establishing interaction with all major social partners - families, state and public institutions.

Preschool exists in our country in several basic forms. The most common type is a kindergarten, which implements a standard educational program that meets the basic requirements for pre-school education and parenting. In addition, there are such types of institutions as kindergarten of supervision and rehabilitation, combined kindergartens, child development centers. Their features are directly related to the contingent they are called upon to educate and educate.

Thus, the preschool institution plays an important role in the socialization of the child's personality . It is here, along with the family, the main qualities of the citizen are laid, his ideas about the cultural and social traditions of the society are formed.