Postmodernism in painting. Representatives of postmodernism

Postmodernism in painting is a modern trend in the visual arts, which appeared in the twentieth century and is quite popular in Europe and America.

Postmodernism

The very name of this style is translated as "after the modern". But so unambiguously postmodernism can not be perceived. This is not only a direction in art - it is an expression of the human worldview, the state of the soul. Postmodernism is a way of expressing oneself. The main features of this style are opposition to realism, denial of norms, use of ready-made forms, and irony.

Postmodernism emerged as a way to resist modernity. The heyday of this style came in the second half of the twentieth century. For the first time the term "postmodernism" was used in 1917 in an article that criticized Nietzsche's theory of the superman.

The concepts of postmodernism are as follows:

• This is the result of politics and neoconservative ideology, for which eclecticism and fetishism are characteristic.
• Umberto Eco (which will be written below) defined this genre as a mechanism that serves to change one epoch in culture to another.
• Postmodernism is a way of rethinking the past, since it can not be destroyed.
• This is a unique period, based on a special understanding of the world.
• H. Leten and S. Suleiman believed that postmodernism can not be considered an integral artistic phenomenon.
• This is an era, the main feature of which was the belief that the mind is all-powerful.

Postmodernism in art

For the first time this style manifested itself in two types of art: postmodernism in painting and literature. The first notes of this trend appeared in Herman Gasse's novel The Steppe Wolf. This book is a desktop for the representatives of the subculture - the hippies. In literature, writers such as Umberto Eco, Tatiana Tolstaya, Jorge Borges, Victor Pelevin are representatives of the postmodernism trend. One of the most famous novels in this style is "The Name of the Rose". The author of this book is Umberto Eco. In the art of cinema, the very first film, created in the style of postmodern, was the picture "Ugly". The genre of the film is horror. The most outstanding representative of postmodernism in the cinema is Quentin Tarantino.

This style does not attempt to create any universal canons. The only value here is the freedom of the creator and the absence of restrictions for self-expression. The main principle of postmodernism is "everything is allowed."

art

Postmodernism in 20th-century painting proclaimed its main idea: there is no particular difference between the copy and the original. This idea postmodern artists successfully demonstrated in their paintings - creating them, then rethinking, transforming what has already been created earlier.

Postmodernism in painting arose on the basis of modernism, which once rejected the classics, all academic, but in the end itself became a classic art. Painting has reached a new level. As a result, there was a return to the period that preceded modernism.

Russia

Postmodernism in Russian painting blossomed in the 90s of the twentieth century. The brightest in this direction of the fine arts were the artists from the creative group "Svoi":

• A.Menus.
• Hyper-Pupper.
• M. Tkachev.
• Max-Maxyutin.
• A. Podobed.
• P. Veschev.
• S. Nosov.
• D. Dudnik.
• V. Kuznetsov.
• M. Kotlin.

The creative group "OWL" is a single organism, assembled from diverse artists.

Russian postmodernism in painting fully corresponds to the basic principle of this direction.

Artists who created in this genre

The most famous representatives of postmodernism in painting:

• Joseph Beuys.
• Ubaldo Bartolini.
• V. Komar.
• Francesco Clemente.
• A. Melamid.
• Nicola de Maria.
• M. Merz.
• Sandro Kia.
• Omar Galliani.
• Carlo Maria Mariani.
• Luigi Ontani.
• Past Paladino.

Joseph Beuys

This German artist was born in 1921. Joseph Beuys - a vivid representative of the "postmodernism" in painting. Paintings and art objects of this artist seek to exhibit all the museums of contemporary art. The talent for drawing was manifested in Joseph's childhood. From an early age, he studied painting and music. Repeatedly visited the artist's studio Achilles Murtgata. While still a schoolboy, J. Boyce read a large number of books on biology, art, medicine and zoology. Since 1939, the future artist combined study at school with work in the circus, where he took care of animals. In 1941, after leaving school, he left as a volunteer in the Luftwaffe. First he served as a radio operator, then became a rear shooter on a bomber. During the war, Josef drew a lot and began to seriously reflect on the artist's career. In 1947, J. Boyce enrolled in the Academy of Arts, in which, after teaching and received the title of professor. In 1974, he opened the Free University, where everyone could apply to study without any age restrictions and without entrance examinations. His painting was a watercolor painting and a lead-pin with a picture of different animals, resembling rock paintings. He was also a sculptor and worked in the style of expressionism, he sculpted tombstones on request. Josef Boyce died in 1986 in Düsseldorf.

Francesco Clemente

Another world-famous representative of the style of "postmodernism" in painting is the Italian artist Francesco Clemente. He was born in Naples in 1952. The first exhibition of his works took place in Rome, in 1971, he was then 19 years old. The artist traveled extensively, visited Afghanistan, in India. His wife was a theater actress. Francesco Clemente loved India and was there very often. He was so fond of the culture of this country that he even collaborated with Indian miniaturists and craftsmen in making paper - he painted miniature gouache on paper handmade. Fame brought to the artist paintings, which depicted erotic images of often mutilated parts of the human body, many of his creations were performed by him in very saturated tones. In the early 80-ies of the twentieth century, he wrote a series of oil paintings. In the 90 years of the twentieth century, he began to work in a new technique for himself - a wax fresco. The works of F. Clemente took part in a large number of exhibitions in different countries. The most convincing of his works are those in which he conveys his own mood, his spiritual torment, fantasies and hobbies. One of his last exhibitions was held in 2011. Francesco Clemente still lives and works in New York, but often visits India.

Sandro Kia

Another Italian artist who represents postmodernism in painting. Photo of one of the works of Sandro Kia is demonstrated in this article.

He is not only an artist, he is also a graphic artist and sculptor. Fame came to him in the 80 years of the twentieth century. Born Sandro Kia in Italy in 1946. Educated in his hometown, Florence. After studying a lot of traveling, looking for an ideal residence, as a result of his search in 1970 he began to live in Rome, and in 1980 moved to New York. Now S. Kia lives in Miami, then in Rome. The artist's works began to be exhibited both in Italy and in other countries - in the 70's. Sandro Kia has his own artistic language, which is filled with irony. In his works bright saturated colors. Many of his paintings depict male figures of a heroic kind. In 2005, the President of Italy awarded Sandro Cia a gold medal for his contribution to the development of culture and art. A huge number of paintings by the artist is in museums in Germany, Japan, Switzerland, Israel, Italy and other countries.

Mimmo Paladino

Italian artist-postmodernist. He was born in the southern part of the country. He graduated from the College of Arts. In the revival of the fine arts in the 70's, he played one of the leading roles. He worked mainly in the technique of tempera murals. In 1980 in Venice, his works were first presented at the exhibition, among the paintings of other postmodern artists. Among them were such names as Sandro Cia, Nicola de Maria, Francesco Clemente and others. A year later the art museum of the city of Basel organized a personal exhibition of paintings by Mimmo Paladino. Then there were a few more personalities in other Italian cities. In addition to painting, the artist was a sculptor.

His first work he sculpted in 1980. His sculptures gained popularity almost immediately. They were exhibited in London and Paris in the most prestigious halls. In the 90s Mimmo created his own cycle of 20 white sculptures made in mixed technique. The artist received the title of an honorary member of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in London. Also M. Paladino is the author of scenery for the plays of the theaters of Rome and Argentina. Painting in the life of Mimmo played a leading role.