Pig harness at home. Pigbirth: signs, timing. Little pigs: care

The fact is fulfilled: the increase in the wealth of the agrarians begins when the livestock appears on the farmstead. The speech in this article will go on the most widespread and profitable form of livestock - pig production.

Why is piggy breeding profitable?

With a successful farrowing of pigs at home, the sow can bring at once from 10 to 20 pigs. For a year she has two farrowing, while cows and sheep do not have such fertility. And using a shortened period of feeding of small pigs (up to 30 days), you can get as a result of 5 farrowing, and this is for 2 years. With such fertility, one sow per year can bring profit in the form of three tons of meat. The result is more than impressive.

Criteria for choosing a pig for offspring

For successful farrowing of pigs at home, several important points need to be considered. Sexually mature pigs become approximately in 5-8 months. At this time, and choose a female for further breeding pigs at home. One of the main factors is the acquisition of the most common breed in the area. Purity of the breed is also of key importance. Whenever possible, it is necessary to acquire guinea pigs in highly productive queens. Pay attention not only to the number of small piglets from one farrowing, but also to the ability to feed offspring and the habits of the animal.

Appearance will also tell you a lot. A highly productive sow has a developed thorax, an exterior without flaws (for example, a curved back), strong legs and a proper bite. If the pig's upper jaw is slightly curved, then this may be a sign of rhinitis, which will also affect productivity. In addition, this defect can pass to the offspring. Nipples should be developed.

It is better to buy shoes in winter or early spring. Firstly, the cultivation will occur on warm days, which will allow them to feed them with cheaper feeds. Secondly, the mating can be made by the end of the year, and the offspring will be received in the early spring of next year. Further implementation of it will not be difficult and will bring great benefits.

The content of males intended for reproduction

Leaving the males for breeding, it is necessary to thoroughly study the characteristics of their growth. It is necessary to reject males with defects in the exterior (bite defects and undeveloped genital organs).

At about 3 or 4 weeks, the little piglets are gradually added to the juicy food. Root crops are ground on a small grater, then on a large grinder, and at the end they should simply be cut with a knife. The mother is not taken away for another 50 days. Important: on the third day of life and after three weeks, it is necessary to administer iron-containing preparations, 5 ml of ursoferane or 2 ml of ferrox. After about 16 weeks, the future manufacturer with normal development already has a mass of about 40 kg. It is necessary to pay attention to the daily gain. It is recommended to stick to about 650 grams.

Puberty is slow and ends at the age of 8 months. Use males for reproduction is recommended when they have at least one year already. In this case, they should have a body weight of about 200 kg. Use before irrational: there is a weak offspring, the growth of animals is reduced, the body is exhausted, which reduces the period of their use on the tribe.

Identification of sexual hunting

The physiological maturity of pigs and their readiness for reproduction occur at the age of 10-15 months. At this time, their mass reaches already about 130-140 kg, and it is possible to carry out pairing. For a year there are several hunting periods. At this time in the body of pigs there is a change in the hormonal background. The cycle period is approximately 18-20 days.

Hormonal changes in the body provoke a sharp change in the behavior of the female. She is restless, running around, practically does not eat and wants to boar. There is a reflex of immobility: it raises its tail and freezes. This behavior can be observed for several days. This period is one of the most responsible in keeping pigs! Ovulation occurs: the egg, ready for fertilization, is released from the ovary. It comes on the second day after the bright changes in behavior and lasts a day or two.

What is the best way to choose the optimal timing for insemination?

Terms play a key role in the procedure of fertilization. The choice of the term can be affected by three main factors. It is necessary to take into account the narrow time frame of fertilization - from 5 to 10 hours. Then the egg is aging, which affects the possibility of fertilization and the appearance of pathogenic or defective development. In addition, the mating is desirable to be done 6 hours before ovulation. It is necessary to take into account the viability of spermatozoa. When a female with a boar mates, it will be about a day or two.

Knowing that in most animals the gon lasts about half a day, fertilization is carried out according to the scheme. If the beginning of sexual hunting was recorded in the morning, then proceeding from the natural biological rhythms of the female, the procedure is appointed for the evening - between 17 and 19 hours. The occurrence of sexual activity in the evening causes the need for insemination in the morning - at 5 or 6 hours.

Another very important point. It is necessary to cover the guinea pig twice: the first time - after the appearance of signs of hunting, and the second time - after 14 hours. If necessary, insemination is repeated until the female calms down. At first glance, breeding pigs at home is an occupation that requires specific skills and knowledge. But if you follow the deadlines, rules and norms, the result will not be long in coming.

Natural coverage of sows with boars

Temperature affects the reproduction of boars. Its optimal performance is 20-22 degrees above zero. If the heat in the street, the fertilizing capacity is reduced by about 30%, if not more. Cold floors in winter or autumn can also significantly undermine the reproductive health of boars. Lack of movement and lack of walking can be a negative factor. The process of insemination lasts 5-10 minutes, after which the pig is transferred to a quiet place.

Stages of preparation for the emergence of offspring

Pigging pigs at home requires the appearance of healthy offspring and minimizing the negative consequences after childbirth. Preparing the room is the first thing that you need to pay close attention to. To do this, it is disinfected with a hot solution of alkali from the calculation of 100 grams per half liter of water. The treatment goes through walls, floors and equipment. It will be superfluous to paint the machine wall with freshly lime to destroy pathogenic bacteria, since piglets are very vulnerable after pigs' delivery.

It is better to prepare scissors for cutting the umbilical cord, burlap, warm water and tincture of iodine in advance. Very carefully it is necessary to watch the animal. Signs of farrowing include increased appetite, calmer behavior than usual. This does not occur in the female. Farrowing offensive is calculated and according to terms. It can be expected from 110 days from the time of the mating. The sow must be taken to a separate stall and monitored. For 3-4 days the diet of her feeding is reduced by about half.

Immediately before birth, pregnant sows behave very restlessly. They instinctively prepare the nest, dig the litter and stretch out on it. Most often they also jump up, then lie down again. Now it's time to warm the water and establish a watch.

It is important to have a delivery cell. This minimizes the likelihood that the sow will simply transmit its small pigs. She is placed in such a machine a few days before the onset of labor, and the litter is changed.

Gastropion of sows

It is noticed that the pigs are born more often in the dark. Usually they last about 4 hours, but it also happens that the rope is tightened and for 10 hours. Under normal conditions, small piglets appear one after another with an interval of 5 minutes. If the birth is difficult, the pig is taken out for paddock, massage her belly and give him a drink of sweetened water, and in the heat, pour water.

At birth piglets cover mucus. Possible appearance in the birth bag. Breaking the bag is extremely important, while it is necessary to wipe the respiratory organs and mouth from the mucus so that the pig does not suffocate. Then you can wipe it thoroughly. Only then the umbilical cord is cut at 5-6 cm from the abdomen. At the site of the break, disinfection is carried out with a solution of iodine. Before putting the pig to the sow, the udders of the mother are washed and wiped dry. If damaged, it is disinfected with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. For the calmness of the sow, a pig is planted to her. He sucks mother's milk, warms up, and passes through calmer. If the mumps behave restlessly, the piglets are placed in boxes.

It is important not to be late with the first feeding of piglets, which should occur one and a half or two hours after delivery. The latter must be removed in time, otherwise there is a huge risk of eating their own offspring. To prevent the sow from crushing pigs, barriers are installed along the walls of the machine about 15 cm high from the floor. Later the cubs will get stronger and will be able to run away from the stacking mother. In general, the pigs are at home in peace, but with complications it is necessary to consult with professionals.

Recovery of the female after delivery

The organism of the pig after farrowing is strongly dehydrated. Therefore, her water should be clean water with a temperature of at least 10 degrees Celsius. Lack of fluid can dramatically worsen the process of milk production and adversely affect the overall condition of the animal. In the postpartum period, constipation may occur, so it is important to maximize the variety of diet. The first feeding is carried out not earlier than ten hours after childbirth. A third of the bolt's norm is fed. The amount of sowing should be gradually increased. About a week later, you can give a full rate of feed.

To avoid exhaustion of the sow by the end of the feeding season, the daily ration should be increased by 80%. Potatoes are served in boiled form, but other vegetables can be offered in raw, pre-chopping them. After feeding, you should walk the sow for about 15 minutes. At this time, cleaning the premises and taking care of the piglets. After a week, the walk time increases, and in the warm period of the year it is possible to produce sows with piglets. They are very vulnerable. Care must be taken. You can not beat, scold, as this negatively affects the behavior of the sow.

Feeding the young

Pig milk is the main source of nutrition for piglets. However, in their diet should be crushed chalk, charcoal, red clay to prevent anemia, signs of which are white diarrhea, pale skin. Newborns are apathetic, they do not eat.

The organism of the cubs in the first days of life absorbs only the mother's milk. Weekly young animals are attached to fertilizing. The fried grain has not only a sweetish taste, but also crumbles, it is only necessary to press it lightly, which facilitates digestion. For cow's milk, small piglets are transferred already in the second week of life, since it is slightly different in composition from the pig's milk. But feed it preferably in small portions several times a day.

Optimal terms for weaning piglets

To reduce the cost of breeding pigs at home in their basic diet, usually include products grown in a personal farm. Therefore, piglets are taught to such feeding from early childhood.

Taking piglets before the age of two months is considered to be early. It is economically feasible to conduct weaning after a month. However, only developed piglets, who are accustomed to eating food, should be taken away.

Conclusion

In general, the content of pigs is highly profitable. Pigs are omnivores. They are able to absorb any food. Adhering to the technology and culture of production, you can achieve high results.