Oven furnace: the device. Industrial furnaces

Heat treatment and firing under the influence of elevated temperatures with pressure are quite common technological stages in the industry. In factories this way, the strength and hardness of the material is achieved, which improves the performance characteristics of the future product. However, for the implementation of such operations, special equipment is required. This is a vast segment, in which not the last place is occupied by industrial furnaces in different modifications. They allow processing the material under conditions of high loads, while retaining the original characteristics of its own design. Another important feature of such equipment is the ability to work with large volumes of materials. However, there are many options for furnaces, each with its own capabilities and functions.

What are shaft-type furnaces for?

This is a type of industrial furnace, which is designed for firing, hardening and heating. As raw materials can be used and raw materials, and lumpy rocks, as well as loose masses. In particular, such aggregates effectively work with carbonate rocks and ore materials. As for metals, the furnace for heat treatment of mine type is suitable for servicing cast iron, aluminum and copper alloys.

To effectively use the capacities of such equipment, it is necessary to carefully calculate the volumes of material to be pawned. For example, the size of the fraction of lump material can be in the range of 60-120 mm. However, there are also industrial furnaces capable of accepting material with a diameter of more than 240 mm. This ability depends on the capacity of the camera and the performance of the unit. Even if the equipment can physically take an object with large dimensions, this does not mean that the camera will properly treat it by thermal exposure. Therefore, the power characteristics of the furnaces with the qualities of the target material are initially compared.

Shaft furnace device

The basis of almost any shaft furnace is four parts - the loading and unloading units, as well as a chimney with a heat treatment chamber. Skip, cumulative and conveyor mechanisms are used to load raw materials. The choice of a particular design depends on two main parameters: first, on the characteristics of the feed material, and secondly, on the operating conditions of the unit. For example, the skip system involves the use of a bucket with a reverse stroke and a winch, so it can be considered as a universal loading mechanism. The unloading device supplied with the shaft furnace also has several parts, but the main component is an intermediate tank, a sealing and dosing material.

For the removal of waste gases, a chimney is used in the form of nozzles, which are most often located at the rear of the furnace. In modern models, this system often has a complex design with filters and an automatic control system. As for the combustion chamber itself, which is supplied with a shaft furnace, the main process of processing incoming raw materials takes place in it. Using the control panel, the user adjusts the parameters of its operation in accordance with the requirements of the technology of manufacturing the material.

Principle of operation

The function of such furnaces is based on the principle of counterflow, in which the falling layers of raw materials are washed by counter gas flows. The processed material passes successively several technological sections, among which there is a drying zone, heating, calcining and cooling chambers. In some models, the firing chamber coincides with the area in which the fuel burns. Here, hot gases are formed. An important role in the efficiency of the process is played by the design in which the unit is made. If the shaft furnace is calculated to work with large volumes of heterogeneous raw materials, then the distribution system comes to the fore in the choice of design. Most often, this function is performed by the cone-splitters, thanks to which the automatic filling of the furnace is carried out.

Types of aggregates

There are several classifications that separate furnaces of this type by category. In particular, the nature of the thermal effect can be distinguished laboratory and production units. If the former are more likely to achieve high processing results, then for the latter, the intensity of the overall process and the capacity of the loading chamber are more important. Also, designs differ in the type of material used. If we talk about lump material, then the equipment for the production of bricks is the most common in this segment. In different regions, aggregates working with fuel resources, ore and rocks, gas, etc., are in demand.

Mechanized and electric furnaces

Most models of this type, used in the production sector, operate on the basis of electricity. The structure of their design includes a fan that circulates air masses, contributing to an increase in the intensity of warming up. By the way, one of the main advantages of electric units is the possibility of power regulation. This option is especially useful in working with low density raw materials. For example, an electric furnace for calcining lime allows to maintain the basic quality properties, quickly changing the parameters of the temperature effect at different stages of processing. Mechanized units operate on the hydraulic drive system. Lifting and lowering of the lid in such equipment is carried out through compact mini-stations refueled with oil.

Advantages of shaft furnaces

The operational advantages of such furnaces are determined by design features. Nevertheless, there are general advantages that have caused widespread use of such aggregates. In particular, mining equipment for the production of bricks allows for a short time to provide heat treatment of large volumes of clay raw materials. The possibilities of working with metals, gas, bulk materials and even waste allow us to speak about the universality of such furnaces.

Conclusion

The process of technological modernization is most noticeable in the branches of industry and construction. Especially bright is the departure of old systems and mechanisms, replaced by more functional and reliable analogues. However, the shaft furnace confirms that traditional equipment can compete with automatic and electronic developments. Of course, the introduction of individual automation elements is inevitable, but the general principle of operation of such furnaces remains the same. The most popular models of this type are represented by hybrid plants that have absorbed the best features of the classical design and advanced technological innovations.