OPV (vaccination): reviews and complications after it

Poliomyelitis is an ailment that can lead to irreversible consequences. The only measure to prevent this disease is vaccination. Vaccinations OPV and IPV should be done to children necessarily. Today we learn how these abbreviations are deciphered, why some parents are against immunization and how they argue their refusal to use vaccines. Also find out what doctors think about vaccinating children, including about vaccination OPV.

What is polio?

This is a viral infection, which affects the central nervous system (the gray matter of the spinal cord), which subsequently leads to the appearance of paralysis. The source of the appearance of the disease can act as a clearly sick person, and one that is the carrier of the disease, but it can not be said that he is stricken. Poliomyelitis is transmitted by airborne, fecal-oral route.

The most susceptible to this infection are children aged 3 months to 5 years.

It is difficult to cure this problem, but it is possible to prevent its occurrence. To do this, it is necessary to vaccinate children in time. A vaccine that is successfully used against poliomyelitis is an inoculation of OPV. It is mandatory for all children, but some parents refuse to do it to their babies. At the end of the article we will understand why they do this.

OPV vaccination: the abbreviation

These three letters of the drug designate the capital letters of the name of the vaccine. They are deciphered as "oral polio vaccine". Oral means that the remedy is administered through the mouth.

Produced in Russia. He is produced in the Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitis. MP Chumakova Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.

Types of vaccines

For the prevention of this infectious disease, two types of drugs are used:

1. OPV vaccination contains attenuated modified live polioviruses. This vaccine is a solution (drop) for instillation into the mouth.
2. IPV is an inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine. These include killed pathogens of the disease. This vaccine is a solution for intramuscular injection.

Why do you need to do both types of vaccinations?

Until 2010, Russia was vaccinated against this dangerous disease only with the help of IPV, that is, inactivated drug. At that time, the country had a successful epidemiological situation. But in 2010, Tajikistan experienced an outbreak of the disease, which also affected Russia. Then 1 person died in the country. As a result, the government decided on a mixed vaccination. Now in the first year of life babies are injected with IPV, then OPV. Revaccination in older children is carried out only by live vaccine.

How is immunization with drops?

A solution for carrying out such a procedure, as an inoculation against poliomyelitis OPV, is a pink liquid with a brackish bitter taste. Order drops in the mouth:

- Babies under 2 years old - on lymphoid tissue in the pharynx.

- Children over 2 years old - on palatine tonsils.

There are no taste receptors in these places, so boys and girls do not feel bitter.

The patient is drilled by a nurse using a disposable dropper made of plastic with a syringe. The dosage of the drug may be different, depending on the concentration of the vaccine used. So, the health worker can apply 2 or 4 drops.

Sometimes babies regurgitate the drug. In this case, the procedure must be repeated. If the child regurgitates after the second time, then the nurse does not make the third attempt.

The OPV vaccination does not allow eating and drinking for an hour after vaccination.

Scheme of drug administration

This method of preventing an infectious disease is done according to this plan:

- At the age of 3, 4, 5 and 6 months.

- Revaccination is carried out at 18, 20 months, and then at 14 years.

Deterioration of health after vaccination

OPV is an inoculation, complications after which are practically absent. In a few cases, a small patient can have such negative consequences as:

- Increase in body temperature.

- Increase in stool.

Usually, these symptoms go away on their own within 2 days after vaccination, so no treatment is required.

The temperature after OPV vaccination may not rise at all or fluctuate within 37.5-38 degrees. Pediatricians are sure that there is no need to worry about this, unless it is accompanied by additional serious reactions.

Hyperthermia (overheating) may appear 2-3 hours after inoculation, and also 2 or 3 days after the drug is received into the body. This temperature can last from 3 days to 2 weeks. If the kid is active, he does not bother with anything, then you do not need to shoot it down. If the child is whiny, apathetic, then the use of funds from the elevated temperature is possible.

Components of the preparation

The composition of the vaccination against OPV poliomyelitis is as follows:

- Attenuated strains of the virus of the first three types of disease, grown on the culture of kidney cells of African green monkeys.

- Stabilizer - magnesium chloride.

- Preservative - kanamycin sulfate.

The drug is sold for 10 or 20 doses.

Contraindications

OPV vaccination is not performed in such cases:

- In immunodeficient conditions, including HIV, oncological diseases.

- With weakened immunity, and also if the family has people with infectious diseases.

- With neurological complications from previous vaccinations of OPV.

With caution and only under the supervision of a doctor, an inoculation is given for problems with the intestines and stomach.

Rare adverse reactions after OPV

There are situations when this vaccine leads to such a negative consequence as the infection with poliomyelitis. This may be, however, this is very rare, somewhere around 1 case per 3 million people. This situation can occur for one reason: if OPV vaccination is given to a baby who has an immune system disorder. For this reason, in countries where poliomyelitis has been eradicated, IPV is done as part of a routine vaccination, that is, injections. But if a person goes to another country where there is a risk of contracting this disease, then it is better to do OPV. This vaccine creates stronger immunity to the disease.

Preparation for vaccination

Vaccination OPV and IPV requires the preparation of the child for it. For this, the baby needs to be shown to the pediatrician. A specialist attentively examines the child, listens to him, checks his throat, asks whether there are sick family members at home. If everyone is healthy, then the pediatrician gives directions for vaccination.

Before and after the vaccination, the baby should not be fed and watered for 1 hour. This is to ensure that the vaccine is better absorbed by the child's body.

Adverse reactions after IPV

Since this vaccine is inactivated, it means that it will never lead to contamination of the baby with poliomyelitis. Unlike OPV. It is also true that infection can occur very rarely. As for complications, sometimes a local reaction can occur in children. Some may lose their appetite, activity may decrease. But these are non-dangerous changes that go by themselves.

DTP

This is another type of prevention of infectious diseases, as well as OPV vaccination. The decipherment of these four capital letters is simple - adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine. DTP is done to children, starting from 3 months. In the same way as OPV. The drug is injected intramuscularly into the shoulder.

Comprehensive vaccination

In Russia and Ukraine, the inoculation of DTP, OPV is usually done on schedule. Exceptions are only those cases when the child is vaccinated on an individual schedule. Experts say that joint vaccination against poliomyelitis, whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria helps to develop persistent immunity. The doctor can give direction to a complex injection with one of such drugs: Pentaxim, Infarix Hexa. Alternatively, administer the drug with two different vaccines at one time. For example, it can be such drugs as "Infarix" + "Imovax".

Despite the fact that complex vaccination is very good, a decision on such vaccination should be taken individually, because DTP itself has a strong strain on the body.

ADSM

This is a modification of the DTP vaccine, but without such a component as a pertussis vaccine.

It turns out that after 4 years this disease is not deadly. Therefore, any parent can decide together with the doctor which vaccination after 4 years to make a child - DTP or ADSM.

This vaccine is used against adults (an injection is given every 10 years), as well as to children who have contraindications for DTP. Vaccination of ADSM, OPV can be supplemented at the same time. This modification of DTP is a solution in ampoules for injection. The vaccine is administered intramuscularly. Optimal places for injections are: thigh, shoulder, place under the shoulder blade. In the buttock, administering the drug is not recommended, since the patient may later have sciatica nerve or the agent will get into the subcutaneous fat. Vaccination of ADSM, OPV is done by a specialist only after examining the pediatrician. Undesirable reactions from the vaccine against diphtheria and tetanus can be as follows:

- Increased temperature.

- Whims, nervousness.

- Disorder of appetite.

- Problems with the stool.

Negative opinions about the vaccine

Vaccination OPV reviews gets mixed. Some mothers think that after vaccination the child will become sensitive to the disease and will be able to quickly pick up this ailment - poliomyelitis. In fact, this will never happen. To do this, vaccination is necessary to protect both themselves and the child from a dangerous disease called poliomyelitis. Some moms praise the inoculation, others criticize. Those who did not like the effect of the drug on poliomyelitis note that the effects of droplets are there. Some babies begin to be capricious, they lose their appetite, problems with stool begin. The appearance of such negative consequences may provoke an OPV vaccination. Temperature, trembling in the body - this can also be observed in the first 2 days after vaccination. These symptoms need only wait, they must go by themselves.

But there are also such mummies who are assured that after vaccination OPV children begin to hurt with acute respiratory viral infections. For some reason, parents are convinced that it was this vaccine that helped the child's illness. However, in fact, this is not so. No immunization, including with the help of preparations from poliomyelitis, can weaken the protective functions of the body. And the fact that after vaccination kiddies get sick, it's the problem of parents. Perhaps my mother and baby were in the polyclinic for a long time. And while they were waiting for their turn to inoculate, the child contacted other kids, who might not have been healthy. Indoors, viruses and bacteria multiply rapidly and it is in hospitals that boys and girls are most often infected. And to avoid any consequences, you need to temper your child, so that no virus comes to him, after he has been injected with the right drug, that is, he will be vaccinated. Against OPV are also those people who have faced the problem of a substandard vaccine. What, they say, after the vaccination, the child became ill, vomiting began, there was a loose stool, the temperature increased, and the child was taken to the hospital. To avoid this, you need to use the tips below.

Important instructions for parents

If some mothers are afraid that there would be no consequences after vaccination of their babies, then one should follow such recommendations:

- Be sure to take an interest in the quality of the vaccine, the date it was produced, and the storage conditions.

- Any mother should know about her child's health before deciding on immunization. If the baby is sick or ill a week ago, then dripping droplets is prohibited. Vaccination OPV should be done only fully healthy baby.

- After vaccination, you must give your son or daughter an antiallergic drug.

- If there is a possibility, then come to the immunization with the whole family. Let the dad with the child walk in the street, while mom will stand waiting for her turn. So the probability of catching a virus in the clinic is reduced, and the baby will perfectly transfer the vaccination of OPV.

Positive feedback from people

Vaccination OPV reviews receives not only disapproval, but also flattering. In general, there are more positive responses than negative ones. So, those mothers who brought a healthy child to a polyclinic for immunization from polio, note that the procedure is painless. The child is not frightened, does not cry, does not worry about the fact that he drops drips. And moms feel good, because they will not need to soothe their son or daughter. Vaccination OPV - this is not an injection that many children fear.

Many more parents note that with proper care of the child, there will be no side effects from the polio vaccine . And it's really true. For the most part, babies are very good at this vaccination.

Vaccination is an indispensable condition on the way to the health of the nation.

Doctor's opinions

Pediatricians are sure that there is no better prevention against poliomy than vaccination. Therefore, doctors constantly try to convince parents that vaccinations are not dangerous. The threat to the child is created by the parents themselves, who, after reading untruthful information in newspapers or hearing the edge of their ears from acquaintances about the dangers of immunization, write refusals to inculcate the kids. Do not ever listen to untruthful stories, draw conclusions based on inaccurate data. It is absolutely necessary to vaccinate a child, and any doctor will tell about it. The only question is when to do it. If the boy or girl is sick, then any doctor will postpone the issue of immunization for later.

Pediatricians note that in order to ensure that there are no consequences after vaccination, parents should also help them. How? At the reception, be sure to talk about possible health deterioration: a runny nose, coughing and other symptoms of a viral infection.

Conclusion

Poliomyelitis is a dangerous infectious disease that can lead to paralysis. It is important to instill a child in time to have immunity to this ailment. Therefore, a timely visit to the pediatrician, the parents' consent to vaccination is the right way to the health of our children. Vaccination OPV is the main measure for the prevention of a disease such as polio. And it should be done to all the children, according to the testimony.