Nursing in Pediatrics and Surgery

Undoubtedly, the work of doctors is noble, restoring sick people to health and saving them from death. Equally important is the work of nurses. Fundamentals of nursing were laid back in the XI century and for many years have undergone many changes. But the main postulate still remains unshakable - the ability of nurses to help the patient with all the strength to recover, and the incurable - without suffering to die.

The most famous nurse

It is generally believed that the nurse was founded by the Englishwoman Florence Nightingale. Indeed, she did incredibly much to properly organize the work of the medical staff. The activities of Florence and her associates in hospitals during the Crimean War contributed to a reduction in the number of wounded deaths from 42 to just over 2 percent. This is an amazing result! It was achieved thanks to the introduction of aseptic rules in the wards, especially in postoperative and severe patients. In memory of this remarkable woman, a medal of her name was approved, which is considered the highest award for modern nurses, and the date of birth of Florence (May 12) is now celebrated as the International Holiday - Nurse's Day. There is even the so-called "Nightingale Syndrome", consisting in the emergence of medical personnel not related to the professional activities of feelings for their wards.

The first steps of nursing in pediatrics and surgery

No matter how great the merit of Florence Nightingale, the practice of working as medical or, as they were said, nurses of charity, existed long before her. As early as the 11th century, the first women's care societies emerged. The story remembers the name of Elizabeth Tyurinengskaya, who built a hospital at her own expense and organized a community of Elizabethanians, helping sick people, including lepers (with symptoms of leprosy, considered incurable and so contagious that even the relatives refused from the unfortunate ones). She also built an orphanage, where they cared for ill orphans. This can be considered the first "swallow" of nursing in pediatrics.

In the same Crimean War, regardless of the activities of Nightingale, the sisterhood of our domestic nurses was well organized, as the famous Pavlov repeatedly mentioned. They not only carried the wounded out of the battlefield, but also independently conducted operations, applied bandages, performed treatment and controlled medicines. Currently, nursing nurses of the operating nurses include new functions, but its basis - ensuring the effective treatment of operable patients - has remained the same.

The work of the current nurses

In the modern world, new medical technologies are appearing every year, medical processes are being improved, more effective medicines are being created. Each nurse must be aware of all these changes in order to adequately perform their professional duties. For this purpose, seminars and refresher courses are regularly organized at hospitals and polyclinics. Specialty "Nursing" can be obtained from a medical school or college. There are the following categories of nurses:

• Ward room;
• Guards;
• Operating;
• Procedural;
• District police;
• Dietary.

Each of the above positions has its own specifics, the knowledge of which is obtained in the process of training and practice. Upon termination of study the certificate is issued. "Nursing" is the name of the specialty, and in addition to it, specialization is indicated.

Operational nurse

The chief physician of the medical institution appoints this position. Only those with medobrazovaniem not lower than average, who have been practicing in operating and dressing rooms, can apply for it. Nursing in surgery is extremely responsible. The main functions here are complete preparation for the operation, and during it - the fulfillment of the orders of surgeons. The professionalism of the nurse provides protection of the patient from surgical infections and trouble-free work of doctors.

Preparation for the operation consists in sterilizing surgical instruments, according to the requirements of asepsis, and placing them on the nursing table. Gowns, gloves, and sheets are also sterilized. It is the responsibility of the operating nurse to provide the surgical workflow with all the necessary sterile material (bandages, cotton swabs, sutures, antiseptics, other necessary medicines) and checking the health of the medical equipment.

Responsibilities during the operation

Nursing in surgery is not only responsible, but also extraordinarily complex. The operating sister must have an absolute understanding of the progress of the forthcoming operation, in order to prepare for it without a single mistake. It is important even in what order she placed the toolkit on her desk, because the surgeon focuses all attention on her manipulations at the cutting site and is not distracted by such trifles as instructing her sister which item to give him. She should know this herself, and also be able to serve the instrument without violating his sterility. Choosing the optimal size of the needle, the desired thickness and length of the suture and checking it for strength are also functions of the operating nurse. At the end of the working process, her duties include inspection of all instruments, sending them to sterilization and preparing the patient for transportation to the ward.

Skills and abilities

In some cases, the operating nurse helps the surgeon as an assistant. Nursing in such situations is the production of manipulations that ensure the normal course of the surgical process. The nurse should be able to do blood transfusion, put and remove drainage, catheters, perform actions to stop bleeding, apply and remove stitches, assist the doctor in carrying out endoscopic examinations, take punctures, monitor the sending of the patient's material for further studies, surgically treat Purulent and inflamed wounds, apply bandages and gypsum.

Functions of ward and procedural nurses

Of course, the patient's recovery depends not only on how well the work is done in the operating room. Nursing is also in the further care of the patient. Performed by his ward nurses. They ensure the hygiene of the patient, follow the healing of wounds, follow the doctors' orders, put drippers, give injections, give medicines, measure pressure, temperature, together with the dietetic nurse provide proper nutrition and supervise the work of the nurses in the ward to ensure all sanitary standards.

It is the responsibility of procedural nurses to keep the treatment room clean, and all tools and materials necessary for work, in a sterile state. Of course, they must be able to perform all kinds of injections, draw blood for analysis, and prepare the patient for infusion therapy. To become a ward or procedural nurse, it's enough to finish special courses, after which exams are passed and a certificate is issued.

Work with children

If the patient in the hospital is a child, working with him has his own nuances. This nursing in pediatrics is significantly different from other categories. Small patients can not always clearly tell about their condition. Many of them do not know how to take care of themselves, they suffer incontinence. The child's psyche is very vulnerable and sensitive to any negative manifestation on the part of adults. Therefore, ward nurses in children's departments should be attentive, kind, sympathetic and patient. Their duties include:

• Daily hygiene procedures for each baby;
• Washing of children after the act of defecation;
• Change of bed linen if the child has wetted himself in bed;
• Feeding small and weak children;
• Preparation for injection so as not to cause fright in the child in advance, and during their carrying out the ability to distract and reassure the baby;
• Constant control over the condition of their small wards.

Kind and affectionate attitude in the job description is not indicated, but these qualities in working with children are no less necessary than professionalism.

Local nurses

Nursing in pediatrics is not limited to work in hospitals. The activity of nurses in polyclinics is of great importance. Their duties include helping the doctor on the methods of patients and healthy children, keeping records for each child, keeping a record of dispensary patients and promptly inviting them for follow-up examinations, writing prescriptions and certificates, providing the physician with the necessary medical material. Together with the doctor, district nurses carry out patronage of newborns and infants according to the existing standard schedule, as well as older children and toddlers as needed. In addition, the responsibilities of nursing nurses include working with parents, conducting preventive conversations to protect children from infectious and other diseases.