Norms and rules: sanctions for violations. For violation of established rules, sanctions are usually applied

What are sanctions? Many today will say that this term is related to the economic sphere. Everyone has a rumor in our country that the phrase "economic sanctions". But this concept is found everywhere when it comes to norms and rules. In economy, politics, social sphere. For violation of established rules, sanctions are usually applied. Although the term is not necessarily used in a negative way. But first things first.

Social norms and rules

The norm from Latin means "pattern of behavior, rule". With her help, control over the behavior of a person in society. Hence the notion of a social norm. Observance and violation of established rules occurs everywhere. Man is not a robot, he can not program his brain under a certain code. Each of us deliberately or accidentally committed acts contrary to generally accepted norms. As a punishment for violation of established rules, sanctions are usually applied. But what are the norms? We will analyze below.

Types of norms

All the rules in society are social, because they regulate the interaction between people: what can be done and what is not. All social norms are divided into several types:

• Customs and traditions. For example, wedding or funeral rites.
• Legal or legal standards. Laws, official orders, etc.
• Moral standards. Unlike legal, they have an estimated burden. Remember the children's verse "What is good and what is bad"? It is a kind of "compilation" of rules of conduct associated with morality.
• Religious. They are fixed, as a rule, in the scriptures, various treatises. For example, the Bible or the Koran, the teachings of the saints, etc. Almost all religious norms coincide with moral norms and are fixed in legal laws.
• Political. Regulate the rules of conduct between the individual and the authorities. Usually they are also fixed in legal laws, but not all.
• Rules of etiquette.
• Aesthetic norms.

We listed the main types of norms. For violation of established rules, sanctions are usually applied, that is, various penalties. Their severity depends on the severity of the offense.

For example, administrative responsibility is established for violation of the rules fixed in the legal code - the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. Criminal - for the actions provided by the criminal code. In the first case, a person will be limited to a fine, and in the second case, he may lose his freedom for several years. But is the sanction always negative? Are there "good"? About this further.

Punishment for violation of established rules is a sanction?

Is sanction always synonymous with the word "punishment"? The school course of social studies will distinguish the following types:

• Formal negative.
• Formal positive.
• Informal negative.
• Informal positive.

Thus, there are "good" and "bad" sanctions. These are positive and negative.

Example of "good" sanctions

We will analyze the "good" sanctions, or positive ones. They are applied when it is necessary to encourage a person for any achievements, merits. For good progress, diligence in work, achievement of prize places at the Olympiad. The term "positive sanctions" is synonymous with "encouragement" and can be expressed as:

• Cash prizes.
• Praise.
• Awards, medals, cups.
• Evaluations, fixed results, etc.

Negative sanctions

For violation of established rules, sanctions are usually applied.

In this case, they are negative, and they are synonymous with "punishment". Can manifest themselves in the following forms:

• The expression of discontent.
• Fines.
• The reprimands at work.
• Judicial orders.
• Low grades in studies, etc.

Depending on which norm is violated, the severity of the sanction will be. But many norms are "intertwined". For example, religious and legal. There is a criminal article "Insulting the feelings of believers". For this crime, the punishment will not only be in the form of discontent, but also in the form of a real prison term. Today in Russia, you can get several years in prison for a computer game in the temple. Examples of "from fishing Pokemon" is proved.

Also, legal norms may coincide with moral ones. For example, for insulting a person you can also get a criminal punishment. Violation of the norms of morality is called immoral behavior. Most of them are spelled out in the laws. But not all moral standards are legal.

Model the situation. A person is riding a car, there's a lot of frost in the street. On the road is a woman with a child. Should he stop and give them a lift if there's no more buses and night in the street? In terms of morality - yes. But legally - no law obliges to do this, despite the fact that a small child can freeze and die from hypothermia.

What are formal and informal sanctions?

Formal sanctions are all that is fixed in certain rules. For example, take the verdict of the court. All actions related to it are fixed in the procedural codes, to go beyond which is not allowed.

Informal sanctions have an emotional nature. Their use is nowhere fixed. For example, the conviction of a person for misconduct. You can not write "how can" react, but "as it is impossible." It happens spontaneously, on emotions.

Deviant behavior

For violation of norms and rules, various sanctions are envisaged. But this very behavior is called deviant. Or deviant. That is, a person deviated from generally accepted norms, he lives "according to his own rules" and laws.

This means that this behavior is purposeful. A person knows that there are certain norms, but still violates them. This is done constantly.

Such are drug addicts, "criminals", people suffering from alcoholism. The society tries to help them by various measures "to take the right path." If it does not, sanctions are applied in a variety of ways.