Necrosis of the liver: symptoms and treatment

When the fatal extinction of hepatocytes occurs under the influence of harmful external and internal factors due to the completion of the blood supply, in this case, necrosis of the liver is formed. The disease, as a rule, is expressed by painful sensations in the right upper quadrant, nausea, vomiting, increased body temperature, moderate liver growth. To establish the diagnosis of "necrosis of the liver," experts recommend that the tests be performed urgently, since the correct result of therapy will depend on the correctness of the treatment.

What is liver necrosis?

This form of the disease is formed against the background of a violation of the flow of blood to the tissues of the organ as a result of mechanical, chemical or thermal effects. Lethality, as a rule, happens locally and has distinct edges. As a result of trauma, tissues begin to fester with a phased rejection, or they melt down with the formation of a fairly dense scar.

Necrosis of the liver has two main forms of flow:

1. The disease is accompanied by irreversible processes, provoked by the immediate dying of the parenchyma.
2. Necrosis of the liver is accompanied by a rapid necrosis of the tissues of the organ.

As experts note, this ailment is characterized by a fairly rapid progression. If the disease is not treated in a timely manner, in such a case a decrease in the liver and necrosis of a significant part of it is observed in a short period of time. As a result of this progression, the patient may fall into the hepatic coma, which in most cases leads to a fatal outcome.

Existing species

Necrosis of the liver is usually classified relative to areas of tissue necrosis. Consequently, the following types of anemia are distinguished:

• Necrosis of local defeat. This type of ailment is characterized by lesions of separate parts of the organ.
• Focal necrosis of the liver. This ailment develops directly on the cellular level.
• Scattered necrosis. The development of this type of disease is characterized by the defeat of hepatocytes in different zones of the organ.
• Bridge. This kind of inherent merging of all the injured parts of the organ into a single whole, thereby forming necrotic strips.

Massive necrosis and hepatic coma

Massive liver necrosis should be emphasized separately, because it is incurable and quite often leads to the patient's death. As a rule, this type of ailment is formed against the background of hepatitis or intoxication of the body with poisons. As experts note, massive necrosis has an exceptionally acute course, while quite large lesions are formed.

With massive necrosis of the liver, the patient has pronounced jaundice, fever, nervous breakdowns. There are several variations in the onset of this condition: spontaneously and through renal coma. As a rule, physicians vary in 3 variations of coma:

1. Spontaneous. At the patient the liver stops fulfilling its function, as a result of which toxins enter other organs, and the brain is no exception. As a result, the main symptom is a disorder of the nervous system.
2. Exogenous. This state is characterized by a partial disruption of the functionality of the body, in the body, as a rule, there is an accumulation of ammonia, which leads to severe intoxication.
3. Hypokalemia. With this form of sickness, the functioning of the organ is partially accomplished. It should also be noted that the balance of electrolytes is significantly disturbed, which causes dehydration of the body, and as a result, exhaustion occurs.

Forms of ailment

Concerning the course of the disease, the disease has various forms. The most common are:

• Coagulation. The peculiarity of this form of ailment is, first of all, the destruction of hepatocytes enriched with protein. The cause of traumatizing cells is the sedimentation of calcium ions in them, as well as a significant increase in the enzymatic activity of the organ. Specialists distinguish subspecies of this form of the disease: partial and complete. Partial is characterized by the systematic modification of the cell membranes of the organ. Full, in turn, characterized by a holistic trauma to hepatocytes. With regard to external features, the destroyed cells turn into uneven foci with crescent-shaped nuclei. As a rule, the provocateurs of an ailment are infections.
• Collisional. This form of the disease is characterized by an abnormal modification of hepatocytes with a low protein content. What is characteristic is that the structure of cells is empty without the presence of a nucleus. Specialists note that necrotic cells are characterized by significant dimensions with clearly defined boundaries. As a rule, they are localized remotely from sources of blood supply to the body. At the last period of formation, focal collimating necrosis can develop. Concerning the strength of the manifestation and characteristics of the location in the hepatic lobe, the following subspecies of necrosis can be distinguished: focal, zonal-centrolobular, submasmic and massive.
• Stepped. This form of the disease is characterized by the direct necrosis of hepatocytes located near the portal vein. Provocation of the formation of the disease is a sharp deterioration in the course of hepatitis, cirrhosis.
• Fulminant liver necrosis is the most serious form of ailment. Specialists note large-scale trauma of hepatocytes, and immediate foci reach considerable dimensions. Fulminant hepatic necrosis is characterized by lightning death of a significant number of elements, which increases the risk of death.
• The bridge form is formed against the background of the solidification of the dead areas of the organ parenchyma. This form is characterized by an acute current. Specialists note that this form of ailment significantly increases the risk of getting untreated blood into internal organs.

Etiology of the disease

As experts point out, there are many reasons that can provoke the formation of liver necrosis. Significant causes of liver necrosis - injury to the body. Shocks are considered to be external factors of the development of the disease. It is also possible to classify radiation damage as well to external grounds. Experts note that the most common causes of the development of the disease are viral infections. Such diseases include hepatitis B, C, D. Most often in patients with a disease such as hepatitis B, there is acute liver necrosis. With prolonged or systematic use of alcohol in the patient formed hepatos, which later flows into alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver, which, in turn, quickly regenerates into necrosis.

Also, an essential reason for the development of the disease is intoxication of the body. Poisoning can occur as a result of prolonged consumption of alcohol at the time of drug treatment, drug use. Concerning the experts' feedback, liver necrosis can even provoke a natural toxicosis in pregnant women in the second half of motherhood.

The basis for the formation of necrosis may be sepsis. Significant seriousness is oncology, because during the treatment of this disease the liver takes a significant shock. Doctors say that the liver can simply not cope with the tasks and step into the phase of decomposition.

There is also a risk of necrosis resulting from organ transplantation. Since it happens that the iron does not get accustomed, the consequence of this are the processes of rejection and decay. In such cases, it is rather difficult to save a patient, since a lightning-fast infection of blood occurs.

To the reasons for the development of necrosis can be considered a banal, at first glance, disorder of metabolism.

Symptoms

As doctors say, for quite some time the necrosis of the liver symptoms is "silent". Consequently, the first signs of expression are nonspecific.

Necrosis of the liver symptoms at the initial stage of formation contains:

• Nausea.
• Loss of appetite.
• Stool disorder.
• Vomiting.
• Loss of weight.
• Jaundice.

In the fair sex, necrosis may manifest as a breakdown in menstruation, and in men, in turn, problems with potency are possible.

In the process of developing liver necrosis, the symptomatology begins to be expressed much more vividly. The subsequent stages of the development of the disease are characterized by an increase in the abdominal region, swelling of the ankles.

At the first stage of the development of the disease, the following symptoms may appear:

• Weakness, lethargy.
• Refusal to eat.
• Prolonged feeling of nausea.

The specific manifestations of the sickness can be described as:

• Unaccustomed color of urine and feces.
• Phlebeurysm.
• Trembling in the hands.

When in the body there are quite serious modifications of the organ, in this case it is possible to isolate the following symptoms:

• An increase in the dimensions of the abdomen. As a rule, the reason for this modification is the accumulated liquid.
• Spasmodic pain in the right upper quadrant.
• Enthusiasm for liver and spleen dimensions.
• Apathy, hallucinations.

Diagnosis of liver necrosis

At the slightest suspicion on the formation of ailment the patient should consult with such specialists:

1. Gastroenterologist.
2. Surgeon.
3. Resuscitator.

Since liver necrosis (symptoms and treatment can be determined only by a qualified specialist) is a dangerous disease, doctors do not recommend self-medication. Since, not knowing the diagnosis, you can only aggravate the course of the disease.

The key diagnostic procedures are:

1. Ultrasound.
2. MRI, CT of the injured organ and bile ducts.
3. Single-photon emission CT.

With the help of this diagnosis, the immediate foci of parenchyma trauma are identified. In order to obtain more accurate information about the direct course and nature of tissue trauma, as a rule, puncture biopsy is used.

Healing of liver necrosis - the main methods

No expert without diagnosis will not diagnose "necrosis of the liver." Treatment, first of all, begins with the elimination of the cause of the disease. As experts note, especially frequent causes of illness is viral hepatitis. Consequently, the course of therapy includes antiviral medications. This series of funds are characterized by accumulative characteristics, therefore, their effectiveness can be noticed after a while.

It is mandatory to include in the therapy hepatoprotectors, which are used to directly support or revive the functions of the organ with little trauma. Also, experts insist that the patient renounce all addictions, otherwise the therapy will not bring a positive effect.

If the cause of the formation of a disease is intoxication of the body, then the therapy includes measures for detoxification.

If liver necrosis (photo of the disease is presented in the article) was triggered by cirrhosis, in this case the key way to heal is the refusal of alcohol consumption, and hepatoprotectors will help maintain the body.

Intensive therapy

Direct treatment of patients with acute necrosis of the liver is performed in the intensive care unit.

Intensive therapy with liver necrosis is urgently aimed at eliminating, above all, liver failure.

Principles:

• Treatment is aimed at eliminating the cause, which triggered the emergence of pathology.
• Doctors should start immediately.
• Mandatory hospitalization of the patient.
• Therapy is aimed at the direct maintenance of metabolism and the body as a whole.
• As evidenced by numerous reviews of specialists, if the cause of the formation of hepatic insufficiency is eliminated within 10 days, while maintaining the patient's life-support, regeneration of hepatocytes occurs, which enables a person, above all, to survive.

Folk remedies

There are no methods of alternative medicine for curing this ailment. But as a preventive medicine recipes of traditional medicine can be fully applied. To improve the functionality of the liver, you can use the hips, the color of marigold and immortelle. You can prepare yourself a healing infusion of these herbs.

Diet for necrosis of the liver

With the diagnosis of "necrosis of the liver," the patient must renounce the consumption of alcohol. The attending physician must compulsorily develop and sign a balanced nutrition menu.

As a rule, with such an ailment, table No. 5 is applied, which implies the complete exclusion of salt. The patient's diet should be based on such products:

• Vegetables.
• Fruit.
• Kashi.
• Gray bread.
• Dietary meat.

Also it is necessary to pay attention to methods of preparation of dishes. Food is better to boil, bake or cook on a steam bath.

Sour milk can be included in the diet, but in small quantities. The diet menu is allowed to add fish, because it is the source of most trace elements.

But it should be remembered that the treatment of any disease will be most effective with timely detection and treatment. Therefore, it is better to consult a specialist when manifesting the symptoms of an ailment.